十一、发展

A → B（每段都是不断重复A → B 的过程）

（A： Topic ； B： Focus）

常犯错误：

1、（X）A → B

2、A → B（X）

3、A → C

4、A → B-（没有写到B）

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Specific:

读者非常清楚你在说什么，没有第二种猜测

General：

读者不清楚你在说什么，有很多种猜测

每段中，先写出主题句，然后列出2-3个supporting details（可以用到explanations or examples）

如果每段只有一个细节支持，就按“TEEC”写满（topic, explanations, examples, conclusion）

“TEEC“的变式——“T+(A+E/E)+(B+E/E)+C“（正反对比）

1. 练习一

Eating at home is much healthier than eating at restaurant. There’s no doubt that when we eat at home, we have to select ingredients in the market, carefully wash them clean, and finally cook them with sanitary pots or microwave ovens. My grandmother, for example, always selects fresh as well as cheap vegetables or meat from grocers’ hand, which enable my families to enjoy healthy and green meals every day. Besides, the flavorings we use at home, say, oil and salts, are much fresher than those used in the restaurants. Have you ever heard about the news that scores of beautifully ornamented restaurants turned out to cook dishes using oil for even hundreds of times, which may have already gone bad? It is so frustrating to think of the depressing facts like this. Therefore, no wonder eating at home is a much healthier lifestyle.

老师提供的Supporting details

Meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories.

Restaurants also often serve big plates of food.

2、练习二

Loving a pet can interfere with relationship with people. Admittedly, having a lovely pet cat, treating it as a gorgeous queen and spending considerable time on it are actually nothing wrong. However, if you divert way too much concentration on your pet rather than your human relationships, you are very likely to become an eccentric, who may not get along well with others. There’s no doubt that a lovely pet like a cute cat will smile back to you whenever you show it your affectionate concern, yet this will generally go wrong in our daily conversations. For scores of times, you may smile to your colleagues, use all the utterance you can think of to praise your boss or tell what you think straightforward to your friends, wishing to build up a solid relationship with these people, only to find that they won’t smile back to you like a pet as you anticipated. Therefore, it is quite dissimilar between conversing with a pet and a person, not to mention the enormous vigor you’ve wasted on pets.

老师给的Supporting details

Neglect spouses and children

Lose interest in making friends

Less complicated than a relationship with people

3、句子长度

（1）平均句长：15-20词（OG P6o8）——大概就是两套主干。

（2）下限：7词，少于等于3句

（3）上限：55词，小于等于3句

（4）Intro：3-4句，45-80词

（5）Body：3段：6-7句，90-140词

2段：9-10句，135-200词

（6）Conclusion：1-2句，15-40词

（7）标准

表面上看，尽量一个句子不要写三套主干；实质上，要把逻辑上同一层级的内容包含在一个句子里。

十二、独立写作的话题分类

教育、科技、家庭、工作、环境、品质、友谊、政府

综合写作

一、综合写作满分要求

-总结听力中与阅读矛盾的要点（只要三点都写全了，就可以至少得4分；少一点，直接降到3分，有两点不完整也是3分）

二、做题步骤

1、阅读

（1）怎么读？

顺着读，边读边记

只记四个大点。

简单大概记。提醒听力，之后会重现。

归纳和推测

读生词发音

关键是读懂。

Eg. TPO21

Planting genetically modified trees(GMT)——benefit

(1)Hardier (easy to survive)

(2)Economic benefits (fast, greater yields, return)

(3)Prevent overexploitation of wild trees (firewood, building timber)

Figure 1 老师的笔记

图片发自App

2、听力

-听力内容对阅读内容进行逐条反驳

-基本结构

·Introduction：（承认阅读合理）+整体反驳

·Sub point：反驳阅读TS+指出阅读中的Reason/Example 不成立，或者直接提出新信息进行反驳。

·注意在听力段落的间隙中补充上一段的笔记。

-怎么听?

·听语音——“重慢停重”（重读、慢读、停顿、重复）

·听语义——信号词

讲义P26

·细节不能反推（不一定相关，只有主题句是一定相反的）

-eg：TPO 21

(1)not sure survive —— most threaten conditions ,at least some kinds of wild trees(diverse) will survive; but the genetically modified tree (uniform)(for specific cond) will be wiped out.

(2)hidden cost (seeds costly), pay the company every time ( no collect seed)

(3)aggressively, planted among natural trees, outcompete

记笔记的方法

·听力一来就先记he or she。

·记笔记的速度比听力的速度慢一句左右。

·用大写字母代替专用词汇和反复出现的词汇

GD = The Great Depression

P = Payroll

PC = Private Collector

·用单词的前四五个字母记笔记

Hosp = Hospital

Wond = wonderful

Resis = resistant

Comp = company

一般是记第一个音节+第二个辅音。

·汉语记笔记

反应速度快

有时笔画少

大多数时候笔画多，不建议

·符号

等号= ，大于 >，小于 <

因为∵和所以∴

箭头→，勾，叉

·总结

我们最后作文写得如何，全靠笔记，要想多记必须少记。

3、通过笔记/阅读还原句子，树立句子结构

·即使是听力和阅读的主题句，也不能照抄，要改写后再输出句子。

改写

变句型

·改变语气（主动变被动）

·最高级变（否定+比较级）

·A让B如何变为 B如何因为A

·长句变短句

变词汇

·用代词

·换词性

·换同义词短语

(1)Early bird = People who rise early, Early riser, Morning lark, Moring-type people, Morning-type person, Morning types

(2)Famous = renowned, prestigious…

·反义词＋否定

·上义词&下义词

对改写要求的策略

Paraphrase Exercises

写的时候不要回想听力，按照理解用自己的话还原回来就好。

底线是把句型和动词换了。

4、模板合成