通常通过method swizzle可以交换两个方法的实现(不限于同一个类型),先看一段代码:
People类
- (void)talk
{
NSLog(@"%@", self.class);
}
Student类继承People
Student
+ (void)load
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
SEL originalSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"talk");
SEL swizzleSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"swizzle_talk");
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self.class, originalSelector);
Method swizzleMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self.class,
swizzleSelector);
method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, swizzleMethod);
});
}
- (void)swizzle_talk
{
NSLog(@"swizzle_talk: %@", self.class);
}
Method在objc-private.h中有如下定义:
typedef struct old_method *Method;
old_method是结构体,它定义在objc-runtime-old.h中:
struct old_method {
SEL method_name;
char *method_types;
IMP method_imp;
}
Method中包含了3个部分,第一部分是函数名,通常可以通过@selector()获取,第二部分是函数声明, 第三部分是函数实现,理解成函数指针。
class_getInstanceMethod有两个参数,第一个参数是class,第二个参数是selector。这个函数是以class开头的,第一个参数也是传的class对象,所以可以理解为从所传递的类对象中查找指定的数据,类对象可以通过实例对象的class方法活的,类对象全局只有一个。
Class对象的定义如下:
typedef struct objc_class *Class;
也就是说Class对象其实是objc_class结构体,平时使用的self.class得到的是一个objc_class的结构体指针。
objc_class定义如下:
struct objc_class : objc_object {
Class superclass;
const char *name;
uint32_t version;
uint32_t info;
uint32_t instance_size;
struct old_ivar_list *ivars;
struct old_method_list **methodLists;
Cache cache;
struct old_protocol_list *protocols;
// CLS_EXT only
const uint8_t *ivar_layout;
struct old_class_ext *ext;
}
这里只列出了字段,函数并没有列出。可以看到一个类对象里面包含了以下比较重要的信息:
1.它的基类对象字段superclass
2.它的实例对象有哪些字段 ivars
3.它的实例对象有哪些方法,存储在方法列表中 **methodLists, 这里为什么是指针的指针,就是它可能包含多个方法列表。
4.它属于什么类型的类对象:info,比如CLS_CLASS还是CLS_META,相当于类对象自己的元数据信息。通过它可以判断出一个类对象是否是元类对象。
以下是class_getInstanceMethod的源码:
Method class_getInstanceMethod(Class cls, SEL sel)
{
if (!cls || !sel) return nil;
// This deliberately avoids +initialize because it historically did so.
// This implementation is a bit weird because it's the only place that
// wants a Method instead of an IMP.
Method meth;
meth = _cache_getMethod(cls, sel, _objc_msgForward_impcache);
if (meth == (Method)1) {
// Cache contains forward:: . Stop searching.
return nil;
} else if (meth) {
return meth;
}
// Search method lists, try method resolver, etc.
lookUpImpOrNil(cls, sel, nil,
NO/*initialize*/, NO/*cache*/, YES/*resolver*/);
meth = _cache_getMethod(cls, sel, _objc_msgForward_impcache);
if (meth == (Method)1) {
// Cache contains forward:: . Stop searching.
return nil;
} else if (meth) {
return meth;
}
return _class_getMethod(cls, sel);
}
这一部分主要是先从方法缓存里取方法,主要看下_class_getMethod
static Method _class_getMethod(Class cls, SEL sel)
{
mutex_locker_t lock(methodListLock);
return (Method)_getMethod(cls, sel);
}
在_class_getMethod中调用了_getMethod函数:
static inline old_method * _getMethod(Class cls, SEL sel) {
for (; cls; cls = cls->superclass) {
old_method *m;
m = _findMethodInClass(cls, sel);
if (m) return m;
}
return nil;
}
_getMethod是主要的实现了,这里通过_findMethodInClass函数来查找类对象的方法,并且便利了父类对象。也就是说,基类中的方法也会被遍历到。
继续再看下_findMethodInClass函数的代码:
static inline old_method * _findMethodInClass(Class cls, SEL sel) {
// Flattened version of nextMethodList(). The optimizer doesn't
// do a good job with hoisting the conditionals out of the loop.
// Conceptually, this looks like:
// while ((mlist = nextMethodList(cls, &iterator))) {
// old_method *m = _findMethodInList(mlist, sel);
// if (m) return m;
// }
if (!cls->methodLists) {
// No method lists.
return nil;
}
else if (cls->info & CLS_NO_METHOD_ARRAY) {
// One method list.
old_method_list **mlistp;
mlistp = (old_method_list **)&cls->methodLists;
*mlistp = fixupSelectorsInMethodList(cls, *mlistp);
return _findMethodInList(*mlistp, sel);
}
else {
// Multiple method lists.
old_method_list **mlistp;
for (mlistp = cls->methodLists;
*mlistp != nil && *mlistp != END_OF_METHODS_LIST;
mlistp++)
{
old_method *m;
*mlistp = fixupSelectorsInMethodList(cls, *mlistp);
m = _findMethodInList(*mlistp, sel);
if (m) return m;
}
return nil;
}
}
static inline old_method *_findMethodInList(old_method_list * mlist, SEL sel) {
int i;
if (!mlist) return nil;
for (i = 0; i < mlist->method_count; i++) {
old_method *m = &mlist->method_list[i];
if (m->method_name == sel) {
return m;
}
}
return nil;
}
这个方法主要是通过遍历类对象的方法列表字段,来查找某个方法。
在_findMethodInList函数中,它其实是比较了方法列表中方法的Selector和要找的Selector是不是同一个来查找这个方法。所以通过selector就可以定位到一个method,也就是可以得到它的IMP和Type了。
所以可以很好理解一下2个方法:
method_getTypeEncoding
method_getImplementation
通过以上分析,可以知道class_getInstanceMethod是获得某个类对象中的方法对象,这个过程中会遍历到父类中。也就是当前类没有实现的方法,父类来抵,也符合面向对象的设计。
总的说来,class_getxxxxxxx是通过查找类对象内部数据来得到一些消息,类似的还有
class_getClassMethod,它是获取类方法的函数:
看看它的源码:
Method class_getClassMethod(Class cls, SEL sel)
{
if (!cls || !sel) return nil;
return class_getInstanceMethod(cls->getMeta(), sel);
}
Class getMeta() {
if (isMetaClass()) return (Class)this;
else return this->ISA();
}
bool isMetaClass() {
return info & CLS_META;
}
#define CLS_CLASS 0X1
#define CLS_META 0x2
可以知道如果当前类就是元类对象,就返回它自己反之返回this→ISA();
objc_class继承自objc_object,函数ISA是objc_object中定义的:
truct objc_object {
private:
isa_t isa;
}
uion isa_t {
Class clas;
}
相当于取出objc_class对象的cls信息,也就是元类对象了。
然后通过cls_getInstanceMethod来去到Method信息,跟之前取类对象中的Method一样,只是多了一步取元类对象的步骤。
在理解了class_getInstanceMethod函数之后,再来看一下class_addMethod函数:
BOOL class_addMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types)
{
IMP old;
if (!cls) return NO;
old = _class_addMethod(cls, name, imp, types, NO);
return !old;
}
static IMP _class_addMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp,
const char *types, bool replace)
{
old_method *m;
IMP result = nil;
if (!types) types = "";
mutex_locker_t lock(methodListLock);
if ((m = _findMethodInClass(cls, name))) {
// already exists
// fixme atomic
result = method_getImplementation((Method)m);
if (replace) {
method_setImplementation((Method)m, imp);
}
} else {
// fixme could be faster
old_method_list *mlist =
(old_method_list *)calloc(sizeof(old_method_list), 1);
mlist->obsolete = fixed_up_method_list;
mlist->method_count = 1;
mlist->method_list[0].method_name = name;
mlist->method_list[0].method_types = strdup(types);
mlist->method_list[0].method_imp = imp;
_objc_insertMethods(cls, mlist, nil);
if (!(cls->info & CLS_CONSTRUCTING)) {
flush_caches(cls, NO);
} else {
// in-construction class has no subclasses
flush_cache(cls);
}
result = nil;
}
return result;
}
相当于当前类对象中存在这个方法的时候(包括父类的),什么都不会处理返回NO。如果不存在那么会添加一个,并且返回YES。
接着是class_replaceMethod
IMP class_replaceMethod(Class cls, SEL name, IMP imp, const char *types)
{
if (!cls) return nil;
return _class_addMethod(cls, name, imp, types, YES);
}
该方法和class_addMethod的区别是,如果发现已经存在sel对应的Method,前者会直接通过新的imp覆盖原来的method,后者则不会做任何处理。
最后method_exchangeImplementations交换两个method的实现。
现在分析一下文章开头那段代码,当当前类本身没有实现original_selector方法的时候,但是它的基类实现了。那么最后交换的就是基类中的original_selector方法,这将会影响基类和其他继承子类的行为。现在通过一个简单的demo来验证:
@interface People : NSObject
- (void)talk;
@end
@implementation People
- (void)talk
{
NSLog(@"%@", self.class);
}
@interface Student : People
@end
@implemention Student
@end
@interface Teacher : People
@end
@implemention Teacher
@end
@interface Student (Tracking)
@end
@implemention Student
+ (void)load
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
SEL originalSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"talk");
SEL swizzleSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"swizzle_talk");
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self.class,
originalSelector);
Method swizzleMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self.class,
swizzleSelector);
method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, swizzleMethod);
});
}
- (void)swizzle_talk
{
NSLog(@"zwizzle_talk: %@", self.class);
}
@end
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
Teacher *t = [[Teacher alloc] init];
[t talk];
Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
[stu talk];
}
@end
输出是:
20:15:35.432 abc[87901:2148310] zwizzle_talk: Teacher
20:15:35.433 abc[87901:2148310] zwizzle_talk: Student
说明 Teacher类也收到了student swizzle的影响。
Student(Tracking)换一种写法:
+ (void)load
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
SEL originalSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"talk");
SEL swizzleSelector = NSSelectorFromString(@"swizzle_talk");
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self.class,
originalSelector);
Method swizzleMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self.class,
swizzleSelector);
BOOL addMethod = class_addMethod(self.class, originalSelector,
method_getImplementation(swizzleMethod), method_getTypeEncoding(
swizzleMethod));
if (addMethod) {
class_replaceMethod(self.class, swizzleSelector,
method_getImplementation(originalMethod),
method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod));
} else {
method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, swizzleMethod);
}
});
}
输出是:
20:19:50.683 abc[87966:2152486] Teacher
20:19:50.684 abc[87966:2152486] zwizzle_talk: Student
可以看到,Teacher类并没有收到影响,虽然是基类中实现了talk方法,但是通过class_addMethod给当前类Student动态增加了talk的实现,然后进行交换。没有影响到原来People类中的talk方法。
可以看出,第二种方法实现起来更好,影响范围更小一些。