未来美国物理规划

from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.6075.pdf

重要问题

How do we understand the Higgs boson? What principle determines its couplings to quarks and leptons? Why does it condense and acquire a vacuum value throughout the Universe? Is there one Higgs particle or many? Is the Higgs particle elementary or composite?

怎么理解希格斯玻色子？什么原理决定了它与夸克、轻子的耦合？为什么它在整个宇宙内凝聚并获得一个真空值？有一种还是很多种希格斯粒子？希格斯粒子是基本粒子还是复合粒子？

What principle determines the masses and mixings of quarks and leptons? Why is the mixing pattern apparently different for quarks and leptons? Why is there CP violation in quark mixing? Do leptons violate CP?

什么原理决定了夸克和轻子的混合，为什么夸克和轻子的混合图样明显不同？为什么夸克混合的中CP破坏？轻子是否有CP破坏？

Why are neutrinos so light compared to other matter particles? Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? Are their small masses connected to the presence of a very high mass scale? Are there new interactions that are invisible except through their role in neutrino physics?

为什么中微子和其他粒子相比非常轻？中微子是不是自身的反粒子？它们非常小的质量是不是和很高的质量标度联系？是否存在仅仅参与中微子物理的一种不可见的相互作用。