Linux添加新硬盘、分区、格式化、自动挂载
在为主机添加硬盘前,首先要了解Linux系统下对硬盘和分区的命名方法。
1)
在Linux下对SCSI的设备是以sd命名的,第一个ide设备是sda,第二个是sdb,依此类推。一般主板上有两个SCSI接口,一共可以安装四个SCSI设备。主SCSI上的两个设备分别对应sda和sdb,第二个SCSI口上的两个设备对应sdc和sdd。一般硬盘安装在主SCSI的主接口上,所以是sda或者sdb,光驱一般安装在第二个SCSI的主接口上,所以是sdc.
(IDE接口设备是用hd命名的,第一个设备是hda,第二个是hdb。依此类推.)
2)分区是用设备名称加数字命名的。例如sda1代表sda这个硬盘设备上的第一个分区。
3)每个硬盘可以最多有四个主分区,一个扩展分区,扩展分区可以再分为多个逻辑分区。
如下为新加一个SCSI硬盘,分区为扩展分区,且只包含1个逻辑分区sdb1,然后格式化为ext3,挂载到/test,增加到/etc/fstab系统启动时自动挂:
1、给硬盘分区
fdisk /dev/sda
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
输入:e
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-9729, default 1):回车
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-9729, default 9729):回车
Command (m for help):w(保存退出)
2、格式化硬盘
fdisk -l
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda1
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:直接回车。
3、挂载
mount /dev/sda1 /test
4、开机直接挂载
编辑/etc/fstab 文件
添加:/dev/sda1 /test ext3 defaults 1 1
重启则发选已经挂载上去。
如下为新加一个ide硬盘,分区为扩展分区,且只包含1个逻辑分区hdb1,然后格式化为ext3,最后挂载到/opt2:
[root]# fdisk /dev/hdb
Command (m for help): m (Enter the letter "m" to get list of commands)
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2654, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2654, default 2654):
Using default value 2654
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/hdb: 240 heads, 63 sectors, 2654 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 1 2654 20064208+ 5 Extended
Command (m for help): w (Write and save partition table)
[root]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdb1
mke2fs 1.27 (8-Mar-2002)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
2508352 inodes, 5016052 blocks
250802 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
154 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16288 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root]# mkdir /opt2
[root]# mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /opt2