中介者模式

一、定义

中介者模式包装了一系列对象相互作用的方式，使得这些对象不必相互明显作用，从而使它们可以松散耦合。

二、使用场景

当对象之间的交互操作很多且每个对象的行为操作都依赖彼此时，为防止在修改一个对象的行为时，同时涉及修改很多其他对象的行为，可采用中介者模式，来解决紧耦合问题。

三、UML类图

中介者模式

Mediator：抽象中介者，定义了同事对象到中介者对象的接口。
ConcreteMediator：具体中介者，实现抽象中介者定义的方法，从具体同事对象接收消息，向具体同事对象发出命令。
Colleague：抽象同事类，定义了中介者对象的接口，它只知道中介者而不知道其他的同事对象。
ConcreteColleague：具体同事类，每个具体同事类都知道本身在小范围内的行为，而不知道它在大范围内的目的。

四、实现

//抽象中介者
public abstract class Mediator {
    protected ConcreteColleagueA colleagueA;
    protected ConcreteColleagueB colleagueB;

    public abstract void method();

    public void setColleagueA(ConcreteColleagueA colleagueA) {
        this.colleagueA = colleagueA;
    }

    public void setColleagueB(ConcreteColleagueB colleagueB) {
        this.colleagueB = colleagueB;
    }
}

//具体中介者
public class ConcreteMediator extends Mediator {
    @Override
    public void method() {
        colleagueA.action();
        colleagueB.action();
    }
} 

//抽象同事
public abstract class Colleague {
    protected Mediator mediator;

    public Colleague(Mediator mediator) {
        this.mediator = mediator;
    }

    public abstract void action();
}

//具体同事A
public class ConcreteColleagueA extends Colleague {
    public ConcreteColleagueA(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    @Override
    public void action() {
        System.out.println("ColleagueA将信息交给中介者处理");
    }
}


//具体同事B
public class ConcreteColleagueB extends Colleague {
    public ConcreteColleagueB(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    @Override
    public void action() {
        System.out.println("ColleagueB将信息交给中介者处理");
    }
}

五、应用

例子：电脑主机

//抽象中介者
public abstract class Mediator {
    public abstract void changed(Colleague c);
}

//主板中介者
public class MainBoard extends Mediator {
    private CDDevice cdDevice;
    private CPU cpu;
    private SoundCard soundCard;
    private GraphicsCard graphicsCard;

    @Override
    public void changed(Colleague c) {
        if(c == cdDevice) { //如果是光驱读取了数据
            handleCD((CDDevice)c);
        } else if(c == cpu) { //如果CPU处理完数据
            handleCPU((CPU)c)
        }
    }

    private void handleCD(CDDevice cdDevice) {
        cpu.decodeData(cdDevice.read());
    }

    private void handleCPU(CPU cpu) {
        soundCard.soundPlay(cpu.getDataSound);
        graphicsCard.videoPlay(cpu.getDataVideo());
    }

    public void setCDDevice(CDDevice cdDevice) {
        this.cdDevice = cdDevice;
    }

    public void setCPU(CPU cpu) {
        this.cpu = cpu;
    }

    public void setSoundCard(SoundCard soundCard) {
        this.soundCard = soundCard;
    }

    public void setGraphicsCard(GraphicsCard graphicsCard) {
        this.graphicsCard = graphicsCard;
    }
}

//抽象同事
public abstract class Colleague {
    protected Mediator mediator;

    public Colleague(Mediator mediator) {
        this.mediator = mediator;
    }
}

//CPU同事
public class CPU extends Colleague {
    private String dataVideo, dataSound;

    public CPU(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    public String getDataVideo() {
        return dataVideo;
    }

    public String getDataSound() {
        return dataSound;
    }

    public void decodeData(String data) {
        String[] tmp = data.split(",");
        dataVideo = tmp[0];
        dataSound = tmp[1];
        mediator.changed(this);
    }
}

//光驱同事
public class CDDevice extends Colleague {
    private String data;

    public CDDevice(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    public String read() {
        return data;
    }

    public void load() {
        data = "视频数据,音频数据";
        mediator.changed(this);
    }
}

//显卡同事
public class GraphicsCard extends Colleague {
    public GraphicsCard(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    public void videoPlay(String data) {
        System.out.println("视频：" + data);
    }
}

//声卡同事
public class SoundCard extends Colleague {
    public SoundCard(Mediator mediator) {
        super(mediator);
    }

    public void soundPlay(String data) {
        System.out.println("音频：" + data);
    }
}

//客户端
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MainBoard mediator = new MainBoard();
        CDDevice cd = new CDDevice(mediator);
        CPU cpu = new CPU(mediator);
        GraphicsCard vc = new GraphicsCard(mediator);
        SoundCard sc = new SoundCard(mediator);

        mediator.setCDDevice(cd);
        mediator.setCPU(cpu);
        mediator.setGraphicsCard(vc);
        mediator.setSoundCard(sc);

        cd.load();
    }
}

六、总结

中介者模式将对象之间的多对多关系变成一对多关系，中介者对象将系统从网状结构变成星形结构，达到降低系统的复杂性，提高可扩展性的作用。