Tensorflow中的object detection API：准备输入数据

Preparing Inputs

代码高能预警

Tensorflow Object Detection API 在读取数据中使用了TFRecord文件格式。API提供了两个示例脚本，(create_pascal_tf_record.py 和 create_pet_tf_record.py)。这里我们精读一下代码create_pascal_tf_record.py。

掌握TFRocord读取方法的可以跳级了。
先看一下License

# Copyright 2017 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# 

这个脚本的主要用处是把PASCAL数据集转换成TFRecord。
用法是

  ./create_pascal_tf_record --data_dir=/home/user/VOCdevkit \  --year=VOC2012 \      --output_path=/home/user/pascal.record

引入各种库

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import hashlib
import io
import logging
import os

from lxml import etree
import PIL.Image
import tensorflow as tf

from object_detection.utils import dataset_util
from object_detection.utils import label_map_util

到这一步，程序都在引入各种各样的库，没有的装就是了。

flags

flags = tf.app.flags
flags.DEFINE_string('data_dir', '', 'Root directory to raw PASCAL VOC dataset.')
flags.DEFINE_string('set', 'train', 'Convert training set, validation set or '
                    'merged set.')
flags.DEFINE_string('annotations_dir', 'Annotations',
                    '(Relative) path to annotations directory.')
flags.DEFINE_string('year', 'VOC2007', 'Desired challenge year.')
flags.DEFINE_string('output_path', '', 'Path to output TFRecord')
flags.DEFINE_string('label_map_path', 'data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt',
                    'Path to label map proto')
flags.DEFINE_boolean('ignore_difficult_instances', False, 'Whether to ignore '
                     'difficult instances')
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

Tensorflow 中的flags类似于argv，基本用法是flags.DEFINE_类型('参数名称'，'默认值'，'参数描述')。进一步了解flags用法请移步tensorflow 学习(三）使用flags定义命令行参数 。

dict_to_tf_example

SETS = ['train', 'val', 'trainval', 'test']
YEARS = ['VOC2007', 'VOC2012', 'merged']

def dict_to_tf_example(data,
                       dataset_directory,
                       label_map_dict,
                       ignore_difficult_instances=False,
                       image_subdirectory='JPEGImages'):
 
  img_path = os.path.join(data['folder'], image_subdirectory, data['filename'])
  full_path = os.path.join(dataset_directory, img_path)
  with tf.gfile.GFile(full_path, 'rb') as fid:
    encoded_jpg = fid.read()
  encoded_jpg_io = io.BytesIO(encoded_jpg)
  image = PIL.Image.open(encoded_jpg_io)
  if image.format != 'JPEG':
    raise ValueError('Image format not JPEG')
  key = hashlib.sha256(encoded_jpg).hexdigest()

  width = int(data['size']['width'])
  height = int(data['size']['height'])

  xmin = []
  ymin = []
  xmax = []
  ymax = []
  classes = []
  classes_text = []
  truncated = []
  poses = []
  difficult_obj = []
  for obj in data['object']:
    difficult = bool(int(obj['difficult']))
    if ignore_difficult_instances and difficult:
      continue

    difficult_obj.append(int(difficult))

    xmin.append(float(obj['bndbox']['xmin']) / width)
    ymin.append(float(obj['bndbox']['ymin']) / height)
    xmax.append(float(obj['bndbox']['xmax']) / width)
    ymax.append(float(obj['bndbox']['ymax']) / height)
    classes_text.append(obj['name'].encode('utf8'))
    classes.append(label_map_dict[obj['name']])
    truncated.append(int(obj['truncated']))
    poses.append(obj['pose'].encode('utf8'))

  example = tf.train.Example(features=tf.train.Features(feature={
      'image/height': dataset_util.int64_feature(height),
      'image/width': dataset_util.int64_feature(width),
      'image/filename': dataset_util.bytes_feature(
          data['filename'].encode('utf8')),
      'image/source_id': dataset_util.bytes_feature(
          data['filename'].encode('utf8')),
      'image/key/sha256': dataset_util.bytes_feature(key.encode('utf8')),
      'image/encoded': dataset_util.bytes_feature(encoded_jpg),
      'image/format': dataset_util.bytes_feature('jpeg'.encode('utf8')),
      'image/object/bbox/xmin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmin),
      'image/object/bbox/xmax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmax),
      'image/object/bbox/ymin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymin),
      'image/object/bbox/ymax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymax),
      'image/object/class/text': dataset_util.bytes_list_feature(classes_text),
      'image/object/class/label': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(classes),
      'image/object/difficult': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(difficult_obj),
      'image/object/truncated': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(truncated),
      'image/object/view': dataset_util.bytes_list_feature(poses),
  }))
  return example

这段主要定义了一个函数dict_to_tf_example的函数，用以将PASCAL数据集中的XML标注文件转换为tf.Example.
输入参数为：

• data: 包含标注信息的XML文件。PASCAL数据集中，每张图片的标注信息存放于对应的XML文件中。在main函数中，data是通过dataset_util.recursive_parse_xml_to_dict的方法将XML中信息导入为字典获取的；
• dataset_directory: 你懂得；
• label_map_dict： 为每一个类别赋予一个id；由默认路径下已有文本给出；
• ignore_difficult_instances: 是否忽略数据集中的difficult_instances。 保持默认即可；
• image_subdirectory： 包含Images的PASCAL数据集的子文件夹，同样保持默认即可。

在得到图片的绝对路径后(full_path)，通过GFile实现对图片的读取，并用PIL打开成为我们喜闻乐见的[c,h,w]格式。

而后，将data传过来的信息转化为规范化的格式（x/width,y/height）添加到列表中。说到这里就不得不夸一下dataset_util.recursive_parse_xml_to_dict这个配件了，from XML to dict，很方便的。

再然后定义了一个tf.train.Example 实例example，将获得的信息全加进去，最后返回example。

def main(_):
  if FLAGS.set not in SETS:
    raise ValueError('set must be in : {}'.format(SETS))
  if FLAGS.year not in YEARS:
    raise ValueError('year must be in : {}'.format(YEARS))

  data_dir = FLAGS.data_dir
  years = ['VOC2007', 'VOC2012']
  if FLAGS.year != 'merged':
    years = [FLAGS.year]

  writer = tf.python_io.TFRecordWriter(FLAGS.output_path)

  label_map_dict = label_map_util.get_label_map_dict(FLAGS.label_map_path)

  for year in years:
    logging.info('Reading from PASCAL %s dataset.', year)
    examples_path = os.path.join(data_dir, year, 'ImageSets', 'Main',
                                 'aeroplane_' + FLAGS.set + '.txt')
    annotations_dir = os.path.join(data_dir, year, FLAGS.annotations_dir)
    examples_list = dataset_util.read_examples_list(examples_path)
    for idx, example in enumerate(examples_list):
      if idx % 100 == 0:
        logging.info('On image %d of %d', idx, len(examples_list))
      path = os.path.join(annotations_dir, example + '.xml')
      with tf.gfile.GFile(path, 'r') as fid:
        xml_str = fid.read()
      xml = etree.fromstring(xml_str)
      data = dataset_util.recursive_parse_xml_to_dict(xml)['annotation']

      tf_example = dict_to_tf_example(data, FLAGS.data_dir, label_map_dict,
                                      FLAGS.ignore_difficult_instances)
      writer.write(tf_example.SerializeToString())

  writer.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  tf.app.run()

把example保存为TFRecord格式。