Beyond Feelings 《超越感觉》CH2&CH3笔记

Critical thinking depends on mental discipline. John Dewey equated this mental discipline with freedom. He argued that people who do not have it are not free persons but slaves to whim or circumstance

你有没有意识到，当你说表达观点时，用“我觉得（I feel)……”和“我认为(I think)……”有什么区别吗？

感觉（feeling）是情绪、情感和愿望的主观反应，是一种无意识行为；而认为（thinking）是有意识的脑力活动，用来解决问题，作出决定，增进理解。两者的区别后者需要思考。

“感觉”在解决某些问题的时候是有帮助的，甚至有时候发挥至关重要的作用。比如在电影《萨利机长》中，萨里凭借多年的优秀驾驶经验，在飞机被鸟群攻击，双发动机熄火的条件下，安全在哈德逊河上迫降，乘客和机组人员最后悉数获救。

萨利机长

这是一种无意识的几乎不假思索的快速决策能力，Blink一书讲述的是这种听起来很神奇的能力。去年读书群读过）

BLINK

BLINK读书笔记

但是，凭感觉做出的准确判断的能力不是一朝一夕可以成就的。大部分凭感觉做出的决策是不可靠的.

通过思考解决问题最可靠的手段。

思考有三大类：反省性思维，创造性思维，批判性思维。批判性思维是这本书的关注点。

在这两部分章节中，作者首先

作者在第二章给出了批判性思维的定义、批判性思考者的特点、行为，以及批判性思维写作、讨论的建议。

批判性思维的核心是评价（evaluation），批判性思维可以定义探索答案；一个评判检验论点论据的过程。因此批判性思维中重要的技巧之一是提出高质量的问题。（ATRQ正是从这点出发训练我们的批判性思维能力)

批判性思维能力的缺失，我们的观点和思想容易被他人影响，不完善的感知、记忆、信息等等因素，这些因素综合起来对我们发现真相带来极大的障碍。

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每日五词

1.indolence

懒惰;好逸恶劳;怠惰；Indolencemeans laziness.[Formal]

He was noted for his indolence.

他的懒惰是出了名的。

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2.audacity

the willingness to take bold risks

无畏; 大胆：

he whistled at the sheer audacity of the plan.

听到这个大胆的计划他吹了一声口哨。

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3.plagiarism

the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own

剽窃, 抄袭。

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4. disseminate

/dɪˈsemɪneɪt/

verb

spread or disperse (something, especially information) widely

散布, 传播（某物, 尤指信息）：

health authorities should foster good practice by disseminating information.

5.careen

adverbial of direction] move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way in a specified direction

（不加控制地）猛冲：

an electric golf cart careened around the corner.

一辆电动高尔夫车猛冲着拐了弯。

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6. wild card

a person or thing whose influence is unpredictable or whose qualities are uncertain

未知（或不可预料）的人（或事）, 未知数。

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Summary

Chapter 2&3

Here is the main structure of chapter2 and chapter3

感悟：

在批判性讨论的部分，作者写道：

Have you ever left a discussion disappointed that others hadn’t abandoned their views and embraced yours?

Have you ever felt offended when someone disagreed with you or asked you what evidence you had to support your opinion? If the answer to either

question is yes, you probably expect too much of others. People seldom change their minds easily or quickly, particularly in the case of long-held convictions.

And when they encounter ideas that differ from their own, they naturally want to know what evidence supports those ideas. Expect to have your ideas questioned, and be cheerful and gracious in responding.

当自己的观点不被接受时，当遇到不同观点的时候，我很容易变得不理智。修炼不够，继续努力。