Docker应用示例1--使用Docker创建Web服务

1，目的

在已经掌握docker安装、docker仓库的基本使用、docker镜像和容器的基本操作和相互转化的基础上，可尝试通过docker搭建一个web服务器，便于分布式部署或快速移植web服务器。
通过本文的学习，可以了解学习docker容器与宿主机的文件和端口映射，进一步熟练使用docker容器。

2，修改容器，搭建简单的web服务

安装nginx

# apt-get install nginx

修改nginx配置文件

# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/web.conf 

# server的配置
server {
    # 监听端口 
    listen 81;
    # 项目的初始化页面
    location / {
       root  /home/visual/nginx_web/;
       index index.html;
    }
}

修改开机启动项

# vi /etc/rc.local

####!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

service ssh start
service nginx start

/bin/bash

exit 0

3，创建镜像，便于再次启动容器

通过commit操作创建docker镜像文件，上篇文章已经讲过，命令如下

kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
568e5204fff3        ubuntu              "/bin/sh -c 'while..."   40 hours ago        Exited (137) 38 hours ago                       kind_khorana
00f561d97811        ubuntu              "/bin/echo hello w..."   40 hours ago        Exited (0) 40 hours ago                         nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683        ubuntu              "bash"                   40 hours ago        Exited (0) 5 seconds ago                        zealous_noether
abdc084f9821        hello-world         "/hello"                 41 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         sleepy_clarke
kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker commit 93a1b9d39683 learn/nginx:v2
sha256:ab92edd21696770f1eb37e9229b6834094a8d3381e5b4e9edc620b7927004bb4
kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
learn/nginx                                      v2                  ab92edd21696        5 seconds ago       370MB
learn/visual_init                                v1                  56a4eab7dc5b        37 hours ago        321MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/ai      visual_init         56a4eab7dc5b        37 hours ago        321MB
ubuntu                                           latest              14f60031763d        5 days ago          120MB
hello-world                                      latest              1815c82652c0        5 weeks ago         1.84kB

4，启动新容器

使用新创建的镜像learn/nginx:v2，启动新容器

# docker run -it --name nginx_test -h docker-nginx -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80 -v /home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/ learn/nginx:v2 /bin/sh /etc/rc.local

启动容器的参数介绍

• -it，交互方式启动
• --name nginx_test，指定新容器的名称是nginx_test
• -h docker-nginx，指定新容器的主机名是docker-nginx
• -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80，指定宿主机与docker容器的端口映射，宿主机的8001对应docker容器的81，宿主机的8000对应docker容器的80
• -v /home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/，指定宿主机与docker容器的文件映射，宿主机的/home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/ 对应docker容器的 /home/visual/nginx_web/
• learn/nginx:v2，指定启动容器对应的镜像是learn/nginx:v2，可以是镜像ID
• /bin/sh /etc/rc.local，指定容器启动后，执行shell脚本是/etc/rc.local

查看docker容器，容器nginx_test处于up状态，说明启动正常

kevin@apple:~/docker/nginx_web$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS                                        NAMES
cbbbe7a5d47a        learn/nginx:v2      "/bin/sh /etc/rc.l..."   25 minutes ago      Up 24 minutes                  0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8001->81/tcp   nginx_test
966bd52b72da        ubuntu              "/bin/sh -c 'while..."   42 hours ago        Exited (137) 40 hours ago                                                   stupefied_knuth
00f561d97811        ubuntu              "/bin/echo hello w..."   42 hours ago        Exited (0) 42 hours ago                                                     nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683        ubuntu              "bash"                   43 hours ago        Exited (0) About an hour ago                                                zealous_noether
abdc084f9821        hello-world         "/hello"                 43 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                                                     sleepy_clarke

5，测试docker_nginx是否正常

通过浏览器测试8001端口

通过浏览器测试8001端口-1.png

通过浏览器测试8000端口

通过浏览器测试8000端口.png

修改宿主机的文件，并测试8001端口

• 修改宿主机的/home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/index.html文件

kevin@apple:~/docker/nginx_web$ vi index.html 







Welcome to nginx! I am in Docker!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.

Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

• 通过浏览器测试8001端口，发现“Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!”，说明内容已经修改，使用docker做为web服务器的功能已经OK

通过浏览器测试8001端口-2.png