中式英语之鉴 unnecessary nouns and verbs

本文为《中式英语之鉴》第一部分第一章的读后笔记
这一部分主要讲在Chinglish中出现的冗余的名词和动词

作者列举了四种类型

1. unnecessary nouns
   • Accelerate the pace of economic reform
   • harvests in agriculture
   • these hardships are tempory in nature
     (描述“nature”“character”的形容词不需要再加上nature)
   • ...in the future will
   • The key to the solution (lies in)
   • we must oppose the practice of extravagance

过多的名词通常是由于在句子中其他元素已经表达了与其相同的意思，因此，没有必要再表达一遍；
the practice of, in nature, in character, the method of, the work of, the characteristic of 等是较为常见的错误

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2. unnecessary verbs +nouns
   to give approval to ＝ to approve
   to have influence on ＝ to influence
   to provide assistant to ＝ to assist
   to achieve success in ＝ to succeed in
   to bring about change = to change
   to realize industrial modernization = modernize
   to exercise control over = to control
   to place stress on = to stress

这种不必要是将其他词（主要是动词）的作用转移到了名词上，尤其要注意make, have 等没有实际意义的动词，解决方法是名词动词化，也是使语言更加形象的一种方法

3. unnecessary verbs +unnecessary nouns +third word
   • used the method of slow advance = advanced slowly
   • adopt the policy of withdrawal = withdrew
   • achieve the objective of clarity = be clear
   • have a restrictive effect on = restrict
   • take care to ensure that there must be an all-around balance =ensure an all-around balance
     这里there mus be 也与 ensure 重复了

在这种情况加，unnec.verb+unnec.nouns 并不能表达出更多的含义，动词表达的含义是第三个词的子集，这第三个词可能是名词，形容词或是动词

4. overworked introductory verb phrases
   • it is especially necessary to make great efforts to assimilate the achievements of other cultures
     重要的是assimilate，很明显这个过程需要take efforts，因此不需要再说明一遍
     与之类似的有make every effort to, try our best to, work hard to, etc
     这些词强调的是过程，当一个句子强调结果的时候，这些词就有可能是多余的

出现这种问题，更多的是从逻辑上检查，保证句子中所用的词指向、支持了句子所要强调的内容