iOS音频开发学习

音频基础

  • 声波是一种机械波,是一种模拟信号。
  • PCM,全称脉冲编码调制,是一种模拟信号的数字化的方法。
  • 采样精度(bit pre sample),每个声音样本的采样位数。
  • 采样频率(sample rate)每秒钟采集多少个声音样本。
  • 声道(channel):相互独立的音频信号数,单声道(mono)立体声(Stereo)
  • 语音帧(frame),In audio data a frame is one sample across all channels.

iOS 开发中对应的结构

AudioStreamBasicDescription 结构体

struct AudioStreamBasicDescription
{
    Float64             mSampleRate;
    AudioFormatID       mFormatID;
    AudioFormatFlags    mFormatFlags;
    UInt32              mBytesPerPacket;
    UInt32              mFramesPerPacket;
    UInt32              mBytesPerFrame;
    UInt32              mChannelsPerFrame;
    UInt32              mBitsPerChannel;
    UInt32              mReserved;
};

mSampleRate:The number of frames per second of the data in the stream.

mFormatID:An identifier specifying the general audio data format in the stream. (kAudioFormatLinearPCM, etc.)

mFormatFlags:Format-specific flags to specify details of the format.(kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger, kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat, kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsBigEndian, kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsPacked, kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsNonInterleaved, etc.)

mBytesPerPacket:The number of bytes in a packet of data
mFramesPerPacket:The number of sample frames in each packet of data.
mBytesPerFrame:The number of bytes in a single sample frame of data.
mChannelsPerFrame:The number of channels in each frame of data
mBitsPerChannel:The number of bits of sample data for each channel in a frame of data.

数据样例

(AudioStreamBasicDescription) _format = {
  mSampleRate = 44100 
  mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM 
  mFormatFlags = kAudioFormatFlagIsSignedInteger | kAudioFormatFlagIsPacked 
  mBytesPerPacket = 1 
  mFramesPerPacket = 1152 
  mBytesPerFrame = 0 
  mChannelsPerFrame = 2 
  mBitsPerChannel = 0 
  mReserved = 0 
} 

iOS音频框架

苹果提供的处理音频的系统框架

iOS音频开发学习_第1张图片
  • 如果需求是播放一段音频(File、Buffer或URL),AVAudioPlayer通常都可以满足需求。
  • 如果对性能有要求,或者是播放流式Buffer,那就得用到Audio Queue Services,Audio Queue播放是以Packet形式。
  1. Extended Audio File Services有一些API,可用帮你计算每个包的大小;
  2. Audio File Service或Audio File Stream Services更智能,你只管塞数据给它,它自动把包组好给你。
  3. 在ffmpeg软解播放器中可以使用Auido Queue实现音频播放。

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