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一位澳洲的幼儿脑神经开发专家Marianne Schriever缘何对中国幼教事业有着巨大的热情？
她的另一个身份是澳大利亚Gymbaroo（亲亲袋鼠）的资深培训师、澳洲儿童教育发展顾问，多年与世界各地的孩子打交道。
她很愿意谈一谈自己的看法，我们也希望通过这番谈话望见“外面的世界”、修正教育孩子的误区。
Q1 灯塔研习社（以下简称“灯塔”）： 有些家长认为接触电子产品过早（如IPAD），会伤害孩子的大脑神经发育。您怎么看待这一观点？
Marianne Schriever（以下简称“Marianne”）研究表明3岁以下的孩子是脑神经发育的关键时期，孩子不应该过早接触电子产品。
在观看电子屏幕的过程中，许多脑神经会受到刺激。过久观看电子屏幕会使脑灰质萎缩，从而导致孩子情绪化，影响孩子的深度睡眠。
3岁以上的孩子每天看电子屏幕的时间不应该超过20分钟。观看20分钟的电子屏幕，需要做60分钟的游戏活动去弥补。
Q2 灯塔：家长如何才能提高孩子的思维能力和领导能力？
Marianne：肢体动作是孩子的第一语言，孩子需要在成长的过程中不断强化，从而学会思考。
孩子从蹒跚学步开始，家长就需要给予孩子感官探索的机会，孩子在自我探索和解决问题中，会增强大脑神经通路的发育，从而增强自己的思维能力。
积极参与团队合作对孩子来说非常重要，这可以锻炼孩子的沟通技巧。也有助于孩子在团队合作中建立自信心，从而提高孩子的领导力。
Q3 灯塔：孩子脑神经系统发展的黄金时期是什么时候？
Marianne：每个孩子都需要脑神经发育，像食物和爱一样不可或缺。
0~6岁是孩子的手、眼睛、身体、语言、听力发展的黄金时期。在这个时期内，孩子身体充分发育，开始对外探知。
对周围环境的观察、描述、探索是孩子智能发展的基础，孩子通过感官系统的活动促进大脑的有序发育。
Q4 灯塔：您最想和河南的孩子的父母分享什么？
Marianne：神经学研究表明早年的经历对孩子的大脑发育至关重要。家长需要帮助孩子打下坚固的学习基础，以适应孩子不同的发展阶段。
一个孩子入学之前读书、写字、算术等学习行为表现与神经元的发展密切相关。只有孩子做出正确的行动，才能在大脑中建立认知。有证据表明运动技能好的孩子在学校和生活中更容易取得成功。
2月1日，这位澳洲的脑神经开发专家不远万里，飞抵郑州，在第一届河南省教育全球化峰会您将看到她的身影。
在风起云涌的全球化浪潮里，河南幼教的新机遇正破茧而出，Marianne Schriever也代表着一种海外声音，以全球视角看中国，以中国视角看河南。
附：访谈原文
Q1 Lighthouse Institute： Some parents thinkthat early contact of electronic products, such as IPAD, will do harm tochildren’s brain nerve development. What do you think of this point?
Marianne: There is lots or research evidence that children under the age should not be exposed to screen time at all.
Under the age of three is the biggest growth of the brain.During screen time many neurons are not being stimulated and some of them will start to prune off.Screen time will actually shrink the grey matter in the brain. It makes a child very emotional. It prevents them from getting a restful sleep.
Children over the age of three should not use screens longer than 20 minutes a day. For every 20 minutes of watching a screen, a child should do three times as much physicalactivity.
Q2 Lighthouse Institute：What should parents do to improve children’s thinking ability and leadership?
Marianne:At a very early age, as soon as a child starts to roll and crawl on his tummy, a child should be given lots of opportunities for movement and sensory exploration todevelop strong neural pathways in the brain.
Lots and lots of free and directed movement is needed, where the child is faced with very simple problem solving,will help them to develop skills that develop their thinking ability.
Children’s first language is using their bodies and all movements will need tobe developed well and become automatic, before they can motor plan, which isthe highest functioning in children.
Leadership can be developed through building the child’s confidence in his own ability, so that he/she willnaturally want to take on a leadership role. Opportunities to work together as a team with others are important indeveloping leadership. This requires good social and communication skills,
Q3 Lighthouse Institute：What is the golden time to develop children’s brain and nerve system?
Marianne:A child’s early years between birth and six years are considered the golden years, the years when the total body, hands, eyes, speech and hearing become integrated and are the tools for the child’s learning.
Although a child is born with the tissues of biological intelligence (brain) these only become useful to the child when he moves, acts, explores and manipulates, sees, describes and makes use of the contents of his environment.
These are the foundations and building blocks for growing intelligence. Human beings are designed to enjoy things that promote the development of the brain and therefore children naturally seek sensations that help organize their brain.
This is one of the reasons why children need to be rocked, rolled, swung about and why they need to climb and explore their environment. They want to move, because the sensations of movements nourish their brains. Every child needs neuro-developmental opportunities as much as he needs food and love.
Q4 Lighthouse Institute：What do you most wantto say to Henan’s parents?
Marianne:Raising a child is about ensuring that their child has the opportunity to lay down the crucial foundations for later learning and fostering the normal sequence of development appropriate to each child’s stage of development.
Neuro-scientific research confirms that the experiences a child has in the early years are absolutely critical for brain development. How well a child will behave, learn to read, write and calculate Maths is directly related to the neurological experiences before school.
Research into brain development clearly shows that brain connections occur mainly through correct movement experiences for young children. There is a direct link between movement and cognitive skills and evidence shows that children who have excellent movement skills achieve successin school and life.
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