北京对外经济贸易大学
2014年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试翻译硕士
351英语翻译基础[冲刺模拟五]
Part 1 Terminology and Phrase Translation (30%)
Section one: Translate the following terms into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 point).
1.A throne in the flesh6.A drop in the bucket
2.in the dock7.A contented mind is a perpetual feast
3.go through fire and water8.A man may dig his grave with his teeth
4.eat one's words9.Animal year
5.Think tank10.To reap what one sows
Section Two: Translate the following terms into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points).
1.政治避难6.潜规则
2.跳城7.休假式治疗
3.钓鱼执法8.婚姻保险
4.廉租房9.不作为
5.山寨手机10.药品加成
Section Three: Give full forms of the following acronyms and translate them into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
1.CPI6.API
2.NASDAQ7.GM crop
3.CBD8.NGO
4.AIDS9.FBI
5.OTC10.CIA
Part II Passage Translation (120%)
Section One: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (60 points)
Warren Buffett; Carol Loomis; Investing; Finance; Financial Regulation; Taxes; Berkshire Hathaway Warren Buffett’s tastes haven’t changed much over the years. “I like today what I liked fifty years ago,” he told me the other day. “I like reading 10-Ks. I like playing bridge. I haven’t acquired a lot of new habits. I was happy when I was in my twenties, and I don’t see a reason to change things.” We were having lunch with Carol Loomis, one of his closest friends, who is the editor of “Tap-Dancing to Work,” a new anthology of Fortune writings by and about Buffett. As if to illustrate his point, lunch was the same lunch he’s probably been eating since he was a kid: a hamburger and fries, followed by vanilla ice cream, “strong on the chocolate syrup.” It isn’t just his tastes, though: as the new book shows, Buffett’s philosophy of investing has stayed remarkably consistent.
What has changed is Buffett’s reputation. No longer just America’s favorite investor, in recent years he’s become a kind of public sage, a role exemplified by his crusade to get the government to raise taxes on the wealthy—a crusade enthusiastically invoked by President Obama both in last January’s State of the Union address and in the recent Presidential campaign. Somehow, at a time when public hostility toward the super-rich has never been greater, he’s become not only the second-richest man in America but also one of the most revered.
Buffett’s disdain for the trappings of wealth can be exaggerated—“When I get rid of the plane, you’ll know I’m broke,” he told me—but it’s obviously a big part of his appeal to ordinary Americans. How can you not like a billionaire who still lives in a house that he bought in 1958? But Buffett’s popularity doesn’t stem from his life style alone. More important, his success evokes an economy very different from today’s risky, unstable one. These days, workers are told that they need to adapt to a world of perpetual change, constantly reinventing themselves. The investing world is dominated by a manic-depressive style, in which the average mutual fund turns over nearly its entire portfolio every year. Yet Buffett has prospered by ignoring all this. As an investor, he’s known for his patience—he says that he likes holding stocks “forever”—and he prefers a few big bets to an endless number of small ones. “If you go from flower to flower, you have to find a lot of flowers to make a lot of money,” he told me. “There aren’t that many great ideas out there.”
The way Buffett runs his company, Berkshire Hathaway, which owns more than eighty other companies outright, is similarly out of tune with the times. In the current stereotype of corporate acquirers, firms like Bain Capital load companies with debt, downsize their workforces, and strip them of assets. Buffett doesn’t do hostile acquisitions or major restructurings, and he almost never sells the companies he buys. He admits that this isn’t purely rational, although Berkshire is very profitable. But it plays to his strengths (he likes buying companies and building them) and mitigates his weaknesses (as he told me, he hates confrontation). “You’ve got to create the structures consistent with what your temperament needs to be,” he said. Whatever the personal reasons for his approach, it’s one that seems reassuring.
Another crucial aspect of Buffett’s public appeal is his unnervingly even persona. He’s not placid—at eighty-two, he’s a garrulous bundle of energy, his conversation punctuated by little bursts of laughter—but he projects an aura of profound cool. During the financial crisis, he was the human equivalent of one of those “Keep Calm and Carry On” signs. It isn’t that he’s indifferent to danger. He was, after all, a prescient critic of the perils of program trading, derivatives, and the boom in speculation, and in conversation he seems skeptical about the prospects of really taming the markets: “Once you let genies out of the bottle in financial markets, you don’t get them back.” But his stern critiques of casino capitalism are leavened by a fundamental optimism about the future. “We’ve still got pretty damn good capital markets,” he said, and added that one should “bet that the intelligent thing will eventually get done.” You can dismiss this as Pollyanna-ish—or, alternatively, as what you would say if you were worth forty-five billion dollars. But it’s part of what makes Buffett likable: his quintessentially American conviction that there’s no problem we can’t solve.
You can see this at work in his campaign to get the rich to pay more in taxes. There’s certainly a moral dimension to it—he calls the fact that he pays a lower tax rate than his secretary “an outrage.” Yet his tone is less hectoring than utilitarian: we need more revenue to narrow the deficit, and having the wealthy pay more in taxes won’t hurt them or the economy. His decision to give away ninety-nine per cent of his wealth feels similarly rational. As he told me, what his wealth amounts to is a giant pile of “claim checks” on the world’s resources, claim checks that are largely “worthless” to him but potentially valuable to others.
We live in a moment when any argument for higher tax rates is bound to ruffle conservative feathers. Twice in the past year, Buffett has been publicly told to “shut up” about taxation, and last year Fox News labelled him a “socialist.” Yet Buffett’s positions are hardly radical, and the sight of an unrepentant capitalist out there talking about the greater good reassures ordinary people that the system is not beyond saving. Rather than fret about Buffett’s being a traitor to his class, Wall Street and the super-rich should see that his message helps keep the pitchforks at bay. If Buffett didn’t exist, the rich would have had to invent him. (Warren’s Way by James Surowiecki, December 10, 2012)
Section Two: Translate the following passage into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (60 points)
全国人大财经委员会副主任委员吴晓灵提出，金融改革再远航，要深化、强化服务实体经济的力度。一是发OTC市场（场外交易市场），建立做市商制度，由券商和投资者确定一个企业的股份在没有公开上市之前能不能进行交易。二是鉴于现在银、证、保、信托四类金融机构都在做代客理财业务，但事实上执行的不是相同的规则，未来监管理念应该一致，代客理财就应该忠实于客户，而不是为了卖出自己的产品，对客户进行有意无意的误导。三是金融机构应该回归服务的本质，以客户需求为导向，而不应该以自己盈利为导向。
中国社会科学院财经战略研究院院长高培勇提出，当前的结构性减税尚有较大空间，在结构上，应以增值税作为主要减税对象；在路径上，应使增值税“扩围”与“降率”二者并进。育明教育针对冲刺押题班学员、1对1学员、集训保分班学员另有6套密卷，欢迎咨询。
中国经济体制改革研究会会长宋晓梧说，转变发展模式，十五、十一五期间就提出来了，至今进展缓慢，事实说明有待改革攻坚，尤其需要界定政府和市场的界限，按照确定的职能优化政府结构，才能更好地发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用，坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向。可以说，转变政府职能是优化政府结构的前提。（《经济参考报》2012年12月10日文章《明年收入分配改革有望提速 金融、税制等改革待推进》）
模拟五参考答案
第一部分术语翻译（共30分）
第一节：术语英译汉（10分）
1.肉中刺/棘手的事6.沧海一粟/九牛一毛
2.众矢之的7.知足常乐
3.赴汤蹈火8.祸从口出
4.承认自己说错了9.本命年
5.智囊团10.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
第二节：术语汉译英（10分）
1.political asylum6.hidden rule
2.City hopping7.vacation-style treatment
3.entrapment8.Marriage protection insurance
4.Low-rent houses9.Dereliction of duty
5.emulational mobile phone10.Medicine markups
第三节：缩略语全称及汉译英（10分）
1.Consumer Price Index
全国居民消费价格指数
6.Air Pollution Index
空气污染指数
2.National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会（纳斯达克）
7.Genetic Modified crop
转基因作物
3.Central Business District
中央商务区
8.Non-governmental organization
非政府组织
4.Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
获得性免疫功能丧失综合症（艾滋病）
9.Federal Bureau of Investigation
联邦调查局（负责美国境内）
5.Over the Counter
非处方药
10.Central Intelligence Agency
中央情报局（负责国外）
第二部分篇章翻译（共120分）
第一节：篇章英译汉（60分）（略）
第一节：篇章英译汉（60分）（略）