Long的源码,基本跟Integer类类似,所以这里贴出源码,直接注释进行理解。
本章内容转载自Java源码解析,Long,如果需要查看详解请参考本人的学习笔记java.lang.Integer进行对比学习.
public class Long extends Number implements Comparable { /** * 最小值,-2的63次方 */ @Native public static final long MIN_VALUE = 0x8000000000000000L; /** * 最大值,2的63次方减1 */ @Native public static final long MAX_VALUE = 0x7fffffffffffffffL; /** * 返回long的class类型 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static final Class
TYPE = (Class ) Class.getPrimitiveClass("long"); /** * 以指定基数返回指定数的表示形式,传入的可以使十六进制,8进制,10进制 * 返回的可以使3进制、5进制最小2进制,最大36进制 */ public static String toString(long i, int radix) { if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX || radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) radix = 10; if (radix == 10) return toString(i); char[] buf = new char[65]; int charPos = 64; boolean negative = (i < 0); // 非负数,转为负数 if (!negative) { i = -i; } while (i <= -radix) { buf[charPos--] = Integer.digits[(int) (-(i % radix))]; i = i / radix; } buf[charPos] = Integer.digits[(int) (-i)]; if (negative) { buf[--charPos] = '-'; } return new String(buf, charPos, (65 - charPos)); } /** * 根据基数返回无符号的二进制形式,这里将正数和负数分开处理 * 是因为负数的二进制其实就是正数的反码加一,所以要不同处理 */ public static String toUnsignedString(long i, int radix) { if (i >= 0) // 大于0的直接toString,而Integer的toUnsignedString,就是先转换成了无符号的int,也会走这里 return toString(i, radix); else { // 小于0的要根据不同情况进行处理 switch (radix) { case 2: return toBinaryString(i); case 4: return toUnsignedString0(i, 2); case 8: return toOctalString(i); case 10: /* * We can get the effect of an unsigned division by 10 * on a long value by first shifting right, yielding a * positive value, and then dividing by 5. This * allows the last digit and preceding digits to be * isolated more quickly than by an initial conversion * to BigInteger. */ long quot = (i >>> 1) / 5; long rem = i - quot * 10; return toString(quot) + rem; case 16: return toHexString(i); case 32: return toUnsignedString0(i, 5); default: return toUnsignedBigInteger(i).toString(radix); } } } /** * 返回指定值的BitInteger的无符号表示形式 * . */ private static BigInteger toUnsignedBigInteger(long i) { if (i >= 0L) return BigInteger.valueOf(i); else { int upper = (int) (i >>> 32); int lower = (int) i; // return (upper << 32) + lower return (BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.toUnsignedLong(upper))).shiftLeft(32). add(BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.toUnsignedLong(lower))); } } /** * 返回16进制表示形式,入参可以使8,16,10进制 */ public static String toHexString(long i) { return toUnsignedString0(i, 4); } /** * 返回八进制表示形式,入参可以使8,16,10进制 */ public static String toOctalString(long i) { return toUnsignedString0(i, 3); } /** * 返回二进制表示形式,入参可以使8,16,10进制 */ public static String toBinaryString(long i) { return toUnsignedString0(i, 1); } /** * 将long(这里会将long当做无符号的long处理)转成字符串 */ static String toUnsignedString0(long val, int shift) { // assert shift > 0 && shift <=5 : "Illegal shift value"; // 计算val实际占用的bit int mag = Long.SIZE - Long.numberOfLeadingZeros(val); // 计算需要打印的字符串的长度 int chars = Math.max(((mag + (shift - 1)) / shift), 1); char[] buf = new char[chars]; // 填充buf formatUnsignedLong(val, shift, buf, 0, chars); return new String(buf, true); } /** * 将指定数的字符串表示形式填充到char数组 */ static int formatUnsignedLong(long val, int shift, char[] buf, int offset, int len) { int charPos = len; int radix = 1 << shift; int mask = radix - 1; do { // 由后向前填充 buf[offset + --charPos] = Integer.digits[((int) val) & mask]; val >>>= shift; } while (val != 0 && charPos > 0); return charPos; } /** * 返回指定数的十进制字符串 * */ public static String toString(long i) { if (i == Long.MIN_VALUE) return "-9223372036854775808"; // 计算位数 int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i); char[] buf = new char[size]; // 填充char数组 getChars(i, size, buf); return new String(buf, true); } /** * 返回指定数的十进制的无符号的字符串形式 */ public static String toUnsignedString(long i) { return toUnsignedString(i, 10); } /** * 这里只用于十进制的数填充到char[]数组中 */ static void getChars(long i, int index, char[] buf) { long q; int r; int charPos = index; char sign = 0; if (i < 0) { sign = '-'; i = -i; } // 大于Integer的最大值时 // 这里主是需要进行一个强转 while (i > Integer.MAX_VALUE) { q = i / 100; // really: r = i - (q * 100); r = (int) (i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2))); i = q; buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitOnes[r]; buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitTens[r]; } // 这下面就和Integer的处理一样了 int q2; int i2 = (int) i; while (i2 >= 65536) { q2 = i2 / 100; // really: r = i2 - (q * 100); r = i2 - ((q2 << 6) + (q2 << 5) + (q2 << 2)); i2 = q2; buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitOnes[r]; buf[--charPos] = Integer.DigitTens[r]; } for (; ; ) { q2 = (i2 * 52429) >>> (16 + 3); r = i2 - ((q2 << 3) + (q2 << 1)); // r = i2-(q2*10) ... buf[--charPos] = Integer.digits[r]; i2 = q2; if (i2 == 0) break; } if (sign != 0) { buf[--charPos] = sign; } } /** * 计算正整数的位数 * @param x * @return */ static int stringSize(long x) { long p = 10; for (int i = 1; i < 19; i++) { if (x < p) return i; p = 10 * p; } return 19; } /** * 根据基数,返回字符串代表的数字的十进制形式 * 示例: *
* parseLong("0", 10) returns 0L * parseLong("473", 10) returns 473L * parseLong("+42", 10) returns 42L * parseLong("-0", 10) returns 0L * parseLong("-FF", 16) returns -255L * parseLong("1100110", 2) returns 102L * parseLong("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException * parseLong("Hazelnut", 10) throws a NumberFormatException * parseLong("Hazelnut", 36) returns 1356099454469L * */ public static long parseLong(String s, int radix) throws NumberFormatException { if (s == null) { throw new NumberFormatException("null"); } if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) { throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix + " less than Character.MIN_RADIX"); } if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) { throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix + " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX"); } long result = 0; boolean negative = false; int i = 0, len = s.length(); long limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE; long multmin; int digit; if (len > 0) { char firstChar = s.charAt(0); // 判断是否是+号和-号 if (firstChar < '0') { if (firstChar == '-') { negative = true; limit = Long.MIN_VALUE; } else if (firstChar != '+') throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s); // 字符串不能只有+和-号 if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-" throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s); i++; } multmin = limit / radix; while (i < len) { // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++), radix); if (digit < 0) { throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s); } if (result < multmin) { throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s); } // 结果累加 result *= radix; if (result < limit + digit) { throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s); } result -= digit; } } else { throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s); } return negative ? result : -result; } /** * 输入十进制的字符串,返回十进制的long */ public static long parseLong(String s) throws NumberFormatException { return parseLong(s, 10); } /** * 与toUnsignedString对应,根据基数将无符号的字符串表示的数还原为十进制 */ public static long parseUnsignedLong(String s, int radix) throws NumberFormatException { if (s == null) { throw new NumberFormatException("null"); } int len = s.length(); if (len > 0) { char firstChar = s.charAt(0); // 无符号字符串不能有负号 if (firstChar == '-') { throw new NumberFormatException(String.format("Illegal leading minus sign " + "on unsigned string %s.", s)); } else { // Long.MAX_VALUE在基数为36时,str的长度是13 // 在基数为10时,str的长度为19 if (len <= 12 || (radix == 10 && len <= 18)) { return parseLong(s, radix); } // No need for range checks on len due to testing above. long first = parseLong(s.substring(0, len - 1), radix); int second = Character.digit(s.charAt(len - 1), radix); if (second < 0) { throw new NumberFormatException("Bad digit at end of " + s); } long result = first * radix + second; // 这里就是溢出了long能表示的最大无符号数 if (compareUnsigned(result, first) < 0) { /* * 最大无符号值(2 ^ 64)-1最多需要一个数字来表示最大有符号值(2 ^ 63)-1。 * 因此,解析(len-1)数字将适当地在签名解析的范围内。 * 所以,如果解析(len -1)数字溢出了签名解析,解析len数字肯定会溢出无符号解析。 * 上面的compareUnsigned检查捕获了包含最终数字贡献的无符号溢出的情况。 */ throw new NumberFormatException(String.format("String value %s exceeds " + "range of unsigned long.", s)); } return result; } } else { throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s); } } /** * 与toUnsignedString对应,根据基数10将无符号的字符串表示的数还原为十进制 */ public static long parseUnsignedLong(String s) throws NumberFormatException { return parseUnsignedLong(s, 10); } /** * 根据指定基数,返回字符串的十进制的Long对象 */ public static Long valueOf(String s, int radix) throws NumberFormatException { return Long.valueOf(parseLong(s, radix)); } /** * 基数为10,返回字符串的十进制的Long对象 */ public static Long valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException { return Long.valueOf(parseLong(s, 10)); } /** * Long的缓存,缓存-128到127 */ private static class LongCache { private LongCache() { } static final Long cache[] = new Long[-(-128) + 127 + 1]; static { for (int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++) cache[i] = new Long(i - 128); } } /** * 自动装箱 */ public static Long valueOf(long l) { final int offset = 128; if (l >= -128 && l <= 127) { // will cache return Long.LongCache.cache[(int) l + offset]; } return new Long(l); } /** * 解码字符串,返回一个Long * 可带-、+号 * 可接受十进制、16进制、8进制 * #、0x和0X开头代表16进制 * 0开头代表8进制 *
*
*
*
- DecodableString: *
- Signopt DecimalNumeral *
- Signopt {@code 0x} HexDigits *
- Signopt {@code 0X} HexDigits *
- Signopt {@code #} HexDigits *
Signopt {@code 0} OctalDigits */ public static Long decode(String nm) throws NumberFormatException { int radix = 10; int index = 0; boolean negative = false; Long result; if (nm.length() == 0) throw new NumberFormatException("Zero length string"); char firstChar = nm.charAt(0); // Handle sign, if present if (firstChar == '-') { negative = true; index++; } else if (firstChar == '+') index++; // Handle radix specifier, if present if (nm.startsWith("0x", index) || nm.startsWith("0X", index)) { index += 2; radix = 16; } else if (nm.startsWith("#", index)) { index++; radix = 16; } else if (nm.startsWith("0", index) && nm.length() > 1 + index) { index++; radix = 8; } if (nm.startsWith("-", index) || nm.startsWith("+", index)) throw new NumberFormatException("Sign character in wrong position"); try { result = Long.valueOf(nm.substring(index), radix); result = negative ? Long.valueOf(-result.longValue()) : result; } catch (NumberFormatException e) { // If number is Long.MIN_VALUE, we'll end up here. The next line // handles this case, and causes any genuine format error to be // rethrown. String constant = negative ? ("-" + nm.substring(index)) : nm.substring(index); result = Long.valueOf(constant, radix); } return result; } /** * 实际存储的long * * @serial */ private final long value; /** * 实例化 */ public Long(long value) { this.value = value; } /** * 根据字符串实例化,这个字符串会以十进制解析 */ public Long(String s) throws NumberFormatException { this.value = parseLong(s, 10); } /** * 缩窄到byte,如果value超出了byte的范围,那么会返回截取后的数,不会报错的 */ public byte byteValue() { return (byte) value; } /** * 缩窄到short,如果value超出了short的范围,那么会返回截取后的数,不会报错的 */ public short shortValue() { return (short) value; } /** * 缩窄到int,如果value超出了int的范围,那么会返回截取后的数,不会报错的 */ public int intValue() { return (int) value; } /** * 返回long */ public long longValue() { return value; } /** * 向上转型 */ public float floatValue() { return (float) value; } /** * 向上转型 */ public double doubleValue() { return (double) value; } /** * toString */ public String toString() { return toString(value); } /** * hashCode */ @Override public int hashCode() { return Long.hashCode(value); } /** * hashCode,静态 */ public static int hashCode(long value) { return (int) (value ^ (value >>> 32)); } /** * equals */ public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof Long) { return value == ((Long) obj).longValue(); } return false; } /** * 根据系统属性名返回对应的Long对象 */ public static Long getLong(String nm) { return getLong(nm, null); } /** * 根据系统属性名返回对应的Long对象,可以给默认值 */ public static Long getLong(String nm, long val) { Long result = Long.getLong(nm, null); return (result == null) ? Long.valueOf(val) : result; } /** * 根据系统属性名返回对应的Long对象,可以给默认值 */ public static Long getLong(String nm, Long val) { String v = null; try { v = System.getProperty(nm); } catch (IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException e) { } if (v != null) { try { return Long.decode(v); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { } } return val; } /** * compareTo */ public int compareTo(Long anotherLong) { return compare(this.value, anotherLong.value); } /** * 比较两个数 */ public static int compare(long x, long y) { return (x < y) ? -1 : ((x == y) ? 0 : 1); } /** * 比较两个数,以无符号方式 */ public static int compareUnsigned(long x, long y) { return compare(x + MIN_VALUE, y + MIN_VALUE); } /** * 用第一个参数除以第二个参数求商,以无符号的方式,并且返回的结果也是个无符号数 */ public static long divideUnsigned(long dividend, long divisor) { if (divisor < 0L) { // signed comparison // Answer must be 0 or 1 depending on relative magnitude // of dividend and divisor. return (compareUnsigned(dividend, divisor)) < 0 ? 0L : 1L; } if (dividend > 0) // Both inputs non-negative return dividend / divisor; else { /* * For simple code, leveraging BigInteger. Longer and faster * code written directly in terms of operations on longs is * possible; see "Hacker's Delight" for divide and remainder * algorithms. */ return toUnsignedBigInteger(dividend). divide(toUnsignedBigInteger(divisor)).longValue(); } } /** * 用第一个参数除以第二个参数求余数,以无符号的方式,并且返回的结果也是个无符号数 */ public static long remainderUnsigned(long dividend, long divisor) { if (dividend > 0 && divisor > 0) { // signed comparisons return dividend % divisor; } else { if (compareUnsigned(dividend, divisor) < 0) // Avoid explicit check for 0 divisor return dividend; else return toUnsignedBigInteger(dividend). remainder(toUnsignedBigInteger(divisor)).longValue(); } } // Bit Twiddling /** * long占的bit位数 */ @Native public static final int SIZE = 64; /** * long站的byte位数 */ public static final int BYTES = SIZE / Byte.SIZE; /** * 二进制最高位1的权值, * 如5的二进制101,最低位的1在最低位,权值为4 * 10的二进制1010,最低位的1在倒数第二位,权值为8 */ public static long highestOneBit(long i) { // HD, Figure 3-1 i |= (i >> 1); i |= (i >> 2); i |= (i >> 4); i |= (i >> 8); i |= (i >> 16); i |= (i >> 32); return i - (i >>> 1); } /** * 二进制最低位1的权值, * 如5的二进制101,最低位的1在最低位,权值为1 * 10的二进制1010,最低位的1在倒数第二位,权值为2 */ public static long lowestOneBit(long i) { // HD, Section 2-1 return i & -i; } /** * 计算出指定值的二进制上高位的零的个数 * 可能这个表达不是很合适,这里的高位就是从前向后数0的个数 */ public static int numberOfLeadingZeros(long i) { // HD, Figure 5-6 if (i == 0) return 64; int n = 1; int x = (int) (i >>> 32); if (x == 0) { n += 32; x = (int) i; } if (x >>> 16 == 0) { n += 16; x <<= 16; } if (x >>> 24 == 0) { n += 8; x <<= 8; } if (x >>> 28 == 0) { n += 4; x <<= 4; } if (x >>> 30 == 0) { n += 2; x <<= 2; } n -= x >>> 31; return n; } /** * 指定数的二进制的低位上的0的个数。 * 可能这个表达不是很合适,这里的低位就是从后向前数0的个数 */ public static int numberOfTrailingZeros(long i) { // HD, Figure 5-14 int x, y; if (i == 0) return 64; int n = 63; y = (int) i; if (y != 0) { n = n - 32; x = y; } else x = (int) (i >>> 32); y = x << 16; if (y != 0) { n = n - 16; x = y; } y = x << 8; if (y != 0) { n = n - 8; x = y; } y = x << 4; if (y != 0) { n = n - 4; x = y; } y = x << 2; if (y != 0) { n = n - 2; x = y; } return n - ((x << 1) >>> 31); } /** * 计算指定数的二进制中1的个数 */ public static int bitCount(long i) { // HD, Figure 5-14 i = i - ((i >>> 1) & 0x5555555555555555L); i = (i & 0x3333333333333333L) + ((i >>> 2) & 0x3333333333333333L); i = (i + (i >>> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fL; i = i + (i >>> 8); i = i + (i >>> 16); i = i + (i >>> 32); return (int) i & 0x7f; } /** * 循环左移,也就是将i向左移动distance位, * 当i的移位到达了最高位还没有够distance,那么移位的数就去低位开头,继续移位。 * 所以叫做循环移位。distance可以为负 */ public static long rotateLeft(long i, int distance) { return (i << distance) | (i >>> -distance); } /** * 循环右移,也就是将i向右移动distance位, * 当i的移位到达了最低位还没有够distance,那么移位的数就去高位开头,继续移位。 * 所以叫做循环移位。distance可以为负 */ public static long rotateRight(long i, int distance) { return (i >>> distance) | (i << -distance); } /** * 二进制翻转指定值,返回翻转之后的值 */ public static long reverse(long i) { // HD, Figure 7-1 i = (i & 0x5555555555555555L) << 1 | (i >>> 1) & 0x5555555555555555L; i = (i & 0x3333333333333333L) << 2 | (i >>> 2) & 0x3333333333333333L; i = (i & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fL) << 4 | (i >>> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fL; i = (i & 0x00ff00ff00ff00ffL) << 8 | (i >>> 8) & 0x00ff00ff00ff00ffL; i = (i << 48) | ((i & 0xffff0000L) << 16) | ((i >>> 16) & 0xffff0000L) | (i >>> 48); return i; } /** * 判断传入的值是正数、负数或者零 * -1,负数 * 1,正数 * 0,零 */ public static int signum(long i) { // HD, Section 2-7 return (int) ((i >> 63) | (-i >>> 63)); } /** * 按照一个Byte位,也就是8位翻转 */ public static long reverseBytes(long i) { i = (i & 0x00ff00ff00ff00ffL) << 8 | (i >>> 8) & 0x00ff00ff00ff00ffL; return (i << 48) | ((i & 0xffff0000L) << 16) | ((i >>> 16) & 0xffff0000L) | (i >>> 48); } /** * 求和 */ public static long sum(long a, long b) { return a + b; } /** * 取大值 */ public static long max(long a, long b) { return Math.max(a, b); } /** * 取小值 */ public static long min(long a, long b) { return Math.min(a, b); } /** * use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */ @Native private static final long serialVersionUID = 4290774380558885855L; }