并发工具类 Exchanger

简介

Exchanger(交换者),一个用于线程间协作的工具类。Exchanger用于线程间的数据交换,提供了一个同步点,两个线程可以在这个同步点交换彼此的数据。

构造方法

Exchanger()

所有方法

exchange(V x)
等待另一个线程到达这个交换点(除非当前线程interrupted),然后与另一线程交换数据对象。
exchange(V x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
等待另一个线程到达这个交换点(除非当前线程interrupted或超过指定的等待时间),然后与另一线程交换数据对象。

简单示例

有个羊集,就是各家农户都拉着自家的羊来卖,或者来买几只合适的羊。卖羊的和买羊的就可以看做是两个线程,买羊的手里拿着钱,卖羊的手里牵着羊,这笔买卖交易成功后,买羊的手里就牵着羊,卖羊的手里就拿着钱了。

import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;

/**
 * Created by bxw on 2017/12/3.
 */
public class SheepMarket {
    Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SheepMarket sheepMarket = new SheepMarket();
        System.out.println("**************开市了*************");
        SheepMarket.BuySheep buySheep = sheepMarket.new BuySheep();
        SheepMarket.SaleSheep saleSheep = sheepMarket.new SaleSheep();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(buySheep);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(saleSheep);
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }

    public  class BuySheep implements Runnable{
        String person = "买羊的说: ";
        String money = "我有1000块钱";
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(person + "我要买羊," + money);
            try {
                String sheep = exchanger.exchange(money);
                System.out.println(person + "羊买完了," + sheep);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public class SaleSheep implements Runnable{
        String person = "卖羊的说: ";
        String sheep = "我手里牵着羊";
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(person + "我要卖羊," + sheep);
            try {
                String money = exchanger.exchange(sheep);
                System.out.println(person + "羊卖完了," + money);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}
并发工具类 Exchanger_第1张图片
image.png

上面的这个例子使用了exchange(V x)方法,下面再来看看exchange
(V x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)这个方法,买羊的要买羊,卖羊的如果长时间不理买羊的,买羊的就走了。
将BuySheep和SaleSheep稍作修改:

public class SheepMarket {
    Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger<>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SheepMarket sheepMarket = new SheepMarket();
        System.out.println("**************开市了*************");
        SheepMarket.BuySheep buySheep = sheepMarket.new BuySheep();
        SheepMarket.SaleSheep saleSheep = sheepMarket.new SaleSheep();
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(buySheep);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(saleSheep);
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }

    public  class BuySheep implements Runnable{
        String person = "买羊的说: ";
        String money = "我有1000块钱";
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(person + "我要买羊," + money);
            try {
                String sheep = exchanger.exchange(money, 8000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                System.out.println(person + "羊买完了," + sheep);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.err.println("麻蛋,不理我,老子还不买了");
            }
        }
    }

    public class SaleSheep implements Runnable{
        String person = "卖羊的说: ";
        String sheep = "我手里牵着羊";
        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println(person + "我要卖羊," + sheep);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(9000);
                String money = exchanger.exchange(sheep);
                System.out.println(person + "羊卖完了," + money);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}
并发工具类 Exchanger_第2张图片
image.png

把SaleSheep中Thread.sleep(9000)的睡眠时间缩短至8000以下依旧可以成功交换数据对象。

总结

如果两个线程有一个没有执行exchange(V x)方法,就会一直等待,如果担心有特殊情况发生,避免一直傻等,可以使用exchange(V x, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)。Exchanger还可用于校对工作,比如要对一批数据进行录入到excel,为了避免错误,可有甲乙二人进行录入,然后由系统加载这两个Excel,并比较是否录入一致。

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