Oracle常用操作指南

目录

1. 用户操作语句
2. 表空间操作语句
3. 数据文件操作语句
4. 数据表操作语句
5. 数据库属性操作语句

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1. 用户操作语句

1. 查看scott用户的默认表空间、临时表空间

   select username,default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace
   from dba_users
   where username = 'SCOTT';
   

2. 查看scott用户的系统权限

   select username,privilege,admin_option 
   from user_sys_privs 
   where username = 'SCOTT';
   

3. 查看赋予scott用户的对象权限

   select grantee,owner, table_name, t.grantor, t.privilege, t.grantable, t.hierarchy
   from dba_tab_privs t
   where t.grantee = 'SCOTT' ;
   

4. 查看授予了scott的角色权限

   select t.grantee,t.granted_role, t.admin_option, t.default_role
   from dba_role_privs t
   where t.grantee = 'SCOTT';
   
   或者
   
   select * from user_role_privs t
   

5. 查看scott用户使用了哪些表空间

   select t.table_name, t.tablespace_name
   from  dba_all_tables t
   where t.owner = 'SCOTT' ;
   
   或者
   
   select table_name, tablespace_name from user_tables;
   

6. 查看当前用户拥有的权限

   select t.privilege from session_privs t
   

7. 查看赋给用户(GDYXHD)于对象操作的一些权限

   select *
   from  table_privileges t1
   where t1.grantee = 'GDYXHD'
   

8. 用户锁定与解锁

   # 解锁
   alter user scott account unlock;
   
   # 锁定
   alter user scott account lock;
   

9. 查看角色(resource)权限的 系统权限

   select * from role_sys_privs t1 where t1.role = 'RESOURCE'
   

10. 查看角色(DBA)被赋予的 角色权限

    select * from role_role_privs t where t.role = 'DBA'
    

11. 查看角色(DBA)被赋予的对象权限

    select * from role_tab_privs t1 where t1.role = 'DBA'
    

12. 添加用户及用户授权

    # 创建用户“DATACENTER”，并指定其表空间
    CREATE USER DATACENTER IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'CD47F3B2976521B1'
        DEFAULT TABLESPACE DATACENTER
        TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
        PROFILE DEFAULT
        ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
    
     # 修改用户角色
    ALTER USER DATACENTER DEFAULT ROLE DBA,"CONNECT";
    
    # 用户授权
    GRANT DBA TO DATACENTER;
    GRANT "CONNECT" TO DATACENTER;
    GRANT INSERT ANY TABLE TO DATACENTER WITH ADMIN OPTION;
    GRANT DELETE ANY TABLE TO DATACENTER WITH ADMIN OPTION;
    GRANT UPDATE ANY TABLE TO DATACENTER WITH ADMIN OPTION;
    GRANT DROP ANY TABLE TO DATACENTER WITH ADMIN OPTION;
    GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO DATACENTER;
    GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO DATACENTER;
    GRANT CREATE ANY SEQUENCE TO DATACENTER;
    
    

13. 修改用户

    # 修改用户密码
    alter user customer identified by '密码';
    
    # 修改用户表空间
    alter user default tablespace new_tablespace_name;
    
     # 修改用户角色
    ALTER USER DATACENTER DEFAULT ROLE DBA,"CONNECT";
    
    

14. 删除用户

    # 级联删除用户下的数据表
    drop user customer cascade;
    

15. 查看所有用户：

    select * from all_users;
    

2. 表空间操作语句

1. 查看表空间的名称及大小

   SELECT t.tablespace_name, round(SUM(bytes / (1024 * 1024)), 0) ts_size
   FROM dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
   WHERE t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
   GROUP BY t.tablespace_name;
   

2. 查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

   SELECT tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes / (1024 * 1024), 0) total_space
   FROM dba_data_files
   ORDER BY tablespace_name;
   

3. 查看表空间的使用情况

   SELECT SUM(bytes) / (1024 * 1024) AS free_space, tablespace_name
   FROM dba_free_space
   GROUP BY tablespace_name;
   
   或者
   
   SELECT a.tablespace_name,
     a.bytes total,
     b.bytes used,
     c.bytes free,
     (b.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% USED ",
     (c.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% FREE "
   FROM sys.sm$ts_avail a, sys.sm$ts_used b, sys.sm$ts_free c
   WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name
   AND a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name;
    
   或者
   
   SELECT a.tablespace_name "表空间名",
   total "表空间大小",
   free "表空间剩余大小",
   (total - free) "表空间使用大小",
   total / (1024 * 1024 * 1024) "表空间大小(G)",
   free / (1024 * 1024 * 1024) "表空间剩余大小(G)",
   (total - free) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024) "表空间使用大小(G)",
   round((total - free) / total, 4) * 100 "使用率 %"
   FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) free
   FROM dba_free_space
   GROUP BY tablespace_name) a,
   (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) total
   FROM dba_data_files
   GROUP BY tablespace_name) b
   WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name;
   

4. 查看所有表空间

   select tablespace_name from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name
   

3. 数据文件操作语句

1. 查看回滚段名称及大小

   SELECT segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, max_extents,
   (initial_extent / 1024) initialextent, (next_extent / 1024) nextextent, v.curext curextent
   FROM dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
   WHERE r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
   ORDER BY segment_name;
   

2. 查看控制文件

   SELECT NAME FROM v$controlfile;
   

3. 查看日志文件

   SELECT MEMBER FROM v$logfile;
   

4. 查看用户数据总量

   SELECT sum(bytes/(1024*1024*1024)) "用户数据大小(G)"  
    from dba_segments 
    where owner='datacenter'; 
   
   或者
   
   select distinct owner, sum(bytes/(1024*1024*1024)) "用户数据大小(G)" 
    from dba_segments 
    group by owner 
    order by "用户数据大小(G)" desc;
   

4. 数据表操作语句

1. 查询系统所有对象

   select owner, object_name, object_type, created, last_ddl_time, timestamp, status
   from dba_objects
   where owner=upper('scott')
   

2. 查看系统所有表

   select owner, table_name, tablespace_name from dba_tables
   

3. 查看所有用户的表

   select owner, table_name, tablespace_name from all_tables
   

4. 查看当前用户表

   select table_name, tablespace_name from user_tables
   

5. 查看用户表索引

   select t.*,i.index_type 
    from user_ind_columns t, user_indexes i 
    where t.index_name = i.index_name 
     and t.table_name = i.table_name
     and t.table_name = "要查询的表"
   

6. 查看主键

   select cu.* from user_cons_columns cu, user_constraints au
    where cu.constraint_name = au.constraint_name
     and au.constraint_type = upper('p') 
     and au.table_name = "要查询的表"
   

7. 查看唯一性约束

   select column_name from user_cons_columns cu, user_constraints au
    where cu.constraint_name = au.constraint_name 
      and au.constraint_type = upper('u')
      and au.table_name = "要查询的表"
   

8. 查看外键

   select * from user_constraints c where c.constraint_type = 'r' and c.table_name = "要查询的表"
   
   select * from user_cons_columns cl where cl.constraint_name = "外键名称"
   
   select * from user_cons_columns cl where cl.constraint_name = "外键引用表的键名"
   

9. 查看表的列属性

   select t.*,c.comments
   from user_tab_columns t, user_col_comments c
   where t.table_name = c.table_name 
    and t.column_name = c.column_name 
    and t.table_name = "要查询的表"
   

5. 数据库属性操作语句

1. 查看数据库库对象

   SELECT owner, object_type, status, COUNT(*) count#
   FROM all_objects
   GROUP BY owner, object_type, status;
   

2. 查看数据库版本

   SELECT version
   FROM product_component_version
   WHERE substr(product, 1, 6) = 'Oracle';
   
   或
   
   select banner from sys.v_$version;
   

3. 查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

   SELECT created, log_mode, log_mode FROM v$database;
   

4. 查看oracle最大连接数

   show parameter processes
   

5. 修改最大连接数

   sql>alter system set processes=value scope=spfile
   –重启数据库
   sql>shutdown force
   sql>start force
   

6. 查看当前连接数

   select * from v$session where username is not null
   

7. 查看不同用户的连接数

   select username,count(username) from v$session
    where username is not null 
    group by username 
   

8. 查看活动的连接数

   # 查看并发连接数
   select count(*) from v$session where status='active' 
   

9. 查看指定程序的连接数

   # 查看jdbc连接oracle的数目
   select count(*) from v$session where program='jdbc thin client'
   

10. 查看指定用户的连接数及中止用户连接

    # 查看所有用户的当前连接数
    select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;
    
    # 查看某个用户的连接信息
    select username, sid, serial# from v$session where username='cif';
     
    # 杀死用户的连接信息
    alter system kill session 'sid, serial#';  --说明 sid, serial#为v$session查询出的值
    
    

11. 查看数据库安装实例(dba权限)

    select * from v$instance
    

12. 查看运行实例名

    show parameter instance_name
    

13. 查看数据库名

    show parameter db_name
    

14. 查看数据库域名

    show parameter db_domain
    
    或者 
    
    select value from v$parameter where name='db_domain'
    

15. 查看数据库服务名

    show parameter service_names;
    
    或者
    
    show parameter service;
    
    或者
    
    show parameter names;
    
    或者
    
    select value from v$parameter where name="service_names"
    

16. 查看全局数据库名

    show parameter global
    

17. 查看系统所有的角色

    # 系统中所有的角色
    select * from dba_roles;
    
    # 系统中角色的权限信息
    select * from dba_role_privs;
    
    # 系统中用户角色权限信息
    select * from user_role_privs;
    
    

18. 修改数据库允许的最大连接数

    alter system set processes = 300 scope = spfile;
    

19. 查看游标数量

    Select * from v$open_cursor Where user_name='system';
    

20. 查询数据库允许的最大连接数

    select value from v$parameter where name = 'processes';
    
    或者
    
    show parameter processes;
    

21. 查询数据库允许的最大游标数

    select value from v$parameter where name = 'open_cursors'
    

22. 查询系统用户为每个会话打开的游标数

    select o.sid, osuser, machine, count(*) num_curs 
     from v$open_cursor o, v$session s 
     where user_name = 'SYSTEM' and o.sid=s.sid 
     group by o.sid, osuser, machine 
     order by num_curs desc;
    

23. 查看数据库高速缓冲区的大小

    show sga;
    
    # 显示数据库块的大小
    show parameter db_block_size;
    
    # 显示数据库缓存大小
    show parameter db_cache_size;
    

24. 缓存顾问操作

    缓存区顾问用于启动或关闭统计信息，这些信息用于预测不同缓冲区大小导致的行为特征。

    # 查看缓存顾问状态
    show parameter db_cache_advice;
    
    # 修改缓存顾问状态：ON/OFF/READY
    alter system set db_cache_advice = OFF;
    
    # 查看数据库高速缓冲区的信息
    select id,name,block_size,size_for_estimate,buffers_for_estimate 
     from v$db_cache_advice;
    

25. 查看Redo日志缓存区

    # Redo日志缓存区参数是静态参数，不能进行动态修改
    show parameter log_buffer;