法律英语每日一词19-Tender

Tender N.

一、释义

1. A valid and sufficient offer of performance; specif., an unconditional offer of money or performace to satisfy a debt or obligation < a tender of delivery >.    履行

The tender may save the tendering party from a penalty for nonpayment or nonperformance or may , if the other party unjustifiably refuses the tender, place the other party in default.

2. Something unconditionally offered to satisfy a debt or obligation.  偿还之物，履行的义务

3. Contracts. Attempted performance that is frustrated by the act of the party for whose benefit it is to take place.  履行不能

The performance may take the form of either a tender of goods or services is quite similar to sense1, it differs in making the other party's refusal part of the definition itself.

4. A offer or bid put forward for acceotance .  

5. Something that serves as a means of payment, such as coin, banknotes, or othr circulating medium; money < legal tender>. （用作清偿手段的） 通货，货币，法定货币

二、词组精选

tender of delivery  提供交付

A seller's putting and holding conforming goods at the buyer's disposition and giving the buyer any notification reasonably necessary to take delivery.

The manner, time, and place for tender are determined by the agreement and by Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code.

指出卖方将适格的货物置于买受方的控制下，并以合理的必要方式通知买受访使其能够受领。在美国，交付的时间、地点和方式由双方根据协议和《统一商法典》第二章确定，从而使对方如不及时受领即将负违约责任。

tender of performance   交付履行

An obligator's demonstration of readliness, willingness, and ability to perform the obligation; esp, a buyer's demonstration of readliness, willingness, and ability to pay the purchase money, or a seller's offer to deliver merchantable title.

An offer to perform is usu. necessary to hold the defaulting party to a contract liable to breach.

指合同债务人根据合同条款履行合同。其法律效果之一是当对方当事人无正当理由对之拒绝的，则构成违约，履行的一方当事人可对之追究违约责任。

perfect tender rule 完全履行规则

A seller's tender that meets the contractual terms entered into with the buyer concerning the quality and specifications of the goods sold.

依《统一商法典》的规定，出卖人应完全履行合同，否则买受人有权拒绝接受，即买受人可以拒绝受领全部或部分货物，也可以先接受有瑕疵的货物，然后再诉请赔偿。

Cash tender offer   现金收购要约

A tender offer in which the bidder offers to pay cash for the target's shares, as oppsed to offering other corporate shares in exchange.

Tender of issue  提交争论点

Common-law pleading. A form attached to a traverse, by which the traversing party refers the issue to the proper mode of trial.

普通法诉讼上当事人答辩状中的正式用语，通过此种方式，一方提出异议并要求以适当方式裁决之。

Tender-years doctrine  由母亲监护年幼子女原则

Family law. The doctrine holding that custody of very young children (usu. five years of ge and younger) should generally be awarded to the mother in a divorce unless she is found to be unfit.

This doctrine has been rejected in most states and replaced by a presumption of joint custody.

依据此原则，法院通常应判决母亲享有对其年幼子女的监护权，除非她已被证明不适合承担此任。但在美国的许多州，该原则已被制定法或法院判决所废除。

(来源：Black's Law Dictionary，《元照英美法词典》，《英汉法律用语词典》）