关于Python的模块

Python的模块

  • 在python中,任何一个python文件都可以看作一个模块
  • 不同包下有相同模块名并不会冲突,且包下必须有文件__init__.py
  • from lib import * 意思是从包lib中导入所有模块(若lib为模块名则为导入模块的所有函数)
  • from lib.module1 import test 意思是从lib这个包下的module1模块中导入函数test
  • import导入模块时会从sys.path输出的结果路径中查找模块然后导入
  • sys.path.append('D:/xx/xx/xx/code')可以添加搜索路径
  • 使用if __name__ == '__main__':

实例

  • 文件结构如下
    {{% fluid_img src="/img/post/python_module_file_tree.png" alt="模块目录结构.png" %}}

  • 测试文件test.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from package1 import * #导入包package1下的所有模块
import package2.module3 #导入包package2下的module3模块
import package2.module4 as s #导入包package2下的module4模块并重命名为s

a = module1.Class1() #创建一个对象
a.test() #调用类中的方法

b = module2.Class2()
b.test()

c = package2.module3.Class3()
c.test()

d = s.Class4()
d.test()
  • 包package1

    • init.py
    #这个文件可以为空
    
    __all__ = ['module1', 'module2'] #有这一句才能使用import *导入所有模块
    
    • module1.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    'this is test moudle'
    
    __author__ = 'reber'
    
    import sys
    
    class Class1(object):
        """docstring for Class1"""
        def __init__(self):
            super(Class1, self).__init__()
            
        def test(self):
            print "package1 -> module1.py -> Class1 -> test()"
    
        def main(self):
            print "this is module1.py main()"
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sub11 = Class1()
        sub11.test()
        sub11.main()
    
    • module2.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    'this is test moudle'
    
    __author__ = 'reber'
    
    import sys
    
    class Class2(object):
        """docstring for Class1"""
        def __init__(self):
            super(Class2, self).__init__()
            
        def test(self):
            print "package1 -> module2.py -> Class2 -> test()"
    
        def main(self):
            print "this is module2.py main()"
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sub11 = Class2()
        sub11.test()
        sub11.main()
    
  • 包package2

    • init.py
    
    __all__ = ['module3', 'module4']
    
    • module3.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    'this is test moudle'
    
    __author__ = 'reber'
    
    import sys
    
    class Class3(object):
        """docstring for Class1"""
        def __init__(self):
            super(Class3, self).__init__()
            
        def test(self):
            print "package2 -> module3.py -> Class3 -> test()"
    
        def main(self):
            print "this is module3.py main()"
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sub11 = Class3()
        sub11.test()
        sub11.main()
    
    • module4.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    'this is test moudle'
    
    __author__ = 'reber'
    
    import sys
    
    class Class4(object):
        """docstring for Class4"""
        def __init__(self):
            super(Class4, self).__init__()
            
        def test(self):
            print "package2 -> module4.py -> Class4 -> test()"
    
        def main(self):
            print "this is module4.py main()"
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        sub11 = Class4()
        sub11.test()
        sub11.main()
    
  • 执行python test.py结果


    关于Python的模块_第1张图片
    python_module_test_result.png

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