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UKCAT考试：医药基础-同意书
Medicolegal questions, a daunting world of case
laws, complications and consents–probably bottom of most people’s interview prep to-do lists. However, with a few
basic legal examples and principles under your belt, putting a‘legal-spin’on any question posed to you canset you apart from the crowd and help secure your offer. Here’s a vital legal concept worth knowing about, andone that is applicable to nearly every question.
Arguably the most important legal concept to be
aware of is that of consent. This stems from the ethics of patient autonomy–the right tofreedom from external control. In a nutshell, this is the idea that patientshave the right to choose whether or not to have a treatment. This meanspatients can choose to decline treatment and not have it forced upon them, evenif the lack of treatment would kill them. It is illegal for doctors to doanything without a patient’s consent (fortunately the law recognises‘implied consent’, eg patients holding out their arms to give blood,
so don’t worryabout being prosecuted). The caveat of this legal concept is that the patientmust have capacity to make decisions about the treatment (an issue we willcover further later).
However, it is also important that patients are
correctly‘informed
before consenting to procedures or treatments–termed‘informed consent’. This term describes permission (consent) grantedin full knowledge of the possible consequences of a treatment. Doctors mustthoroughly explain the risk and benefits of procedures and treatment beforepatients can consent. This is often discussed in the context of operations,were the general risks include infections, treatment failure, anaestheticcomplications etc.
However, a very current issue is the question of
how much information you give a patient. Do you just list the common
complications, or every possible complication (even is the risk is
insignificant)? This is an area of recent change and the current‘advice’is to focus on the particularpatient in question and the risks most relevant to them. For example, there wasa recent case in which a gentleman who was not informed about the risk ofblindness following a procedure. This gentleman was already blind in one eyeand lost sight in his functioning eye as a result of the procedure. Althoughthe doctor had not informed him of this complication, as the risk wasincredibly small, it would have been an area of great importance to thepatient, and should have been discussed.
However, there are two exceptional case when adoctor when a doctor is not required to disclose the risks of a procedure.
–If the patient tells the doctorthey would rather not know the risks
–If the patient is in need of urgenttreatment and is unconscious (if it is not urgent, doctors must wait until theyregain consciousness)
Informed consent. An essential legal concept to beaware of and a great thing to mention in interviews.
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