Chapter 1 An Orderly Reason for Personality Differences
Two Ways of Perceiving
As Jung points out in Psychological Types, humankind is equipped with two distinct and sharply contrasting ways of perceiving. One means of perception is the familiar process of sensing, by which we become aware of things directly through our five senses. The other is the process of intuition, which is indirect perception by way of the unconscious, perceptions coming from outside.
Two Ways of Judging
A basic difference in judgment arises from the existence of two distinct and sharply contrasting ways of coming to conclusions. One way is by the use of thinking, that is, by a logical process, aimed at an impersonal finding. The other is by feeling, that is, by appreciation - equally reasonable in its fashion - bestowing on things a personal, subjective value.
Intuition Plus Feeling - NF
They are most likely to find success and satisfaction in work that calls for creativity to meet a human need. They may excel in teaching ( particularly college and high school), preaching, advertising, selling of intangibles, counseling, clinical psychology, psychiatry, writing, and most fields of research.
The Extroversion - Introversion Preference
The introvert's main interests are in the inner world of concepts and ideas, while the extrovert is more involved with the outer world of people and things.
Chapter 4 Effect of the EI Preference
Figure 24 Introverts
The fore thinkers. Cannot live life until they understand it.
Attitude reserved and questioning. They expect the waters to prove deep, and pause to take soundings in the new and untried.
Minds inwardly directed, frequently unaware of the objective environment, interest and attention being engrossed by inner events. Their real world therefore is the inner world of ideas and understanding.
The cultural genius, the people of ideas and abstract invention, who go from considering to doing and back to considering.
Conduct in essential matters is always governed by subjective values.
Defend themselves as far as possible against external claims and conditions in favor of the inner life.
Subtle and impenetrable, often taciturn and shy, more at home in the world of ideas than in the world of people and things.
Intense and passionate, they bottle up their emotions and guard them carefully as high explosives.
Typical weakness lies in a tendency toward impracticality, very conspicuous in extreme types.
Health and wholesomeness depend upon a reasonable development of balancing extroversion.
Chapter 5 Effect of the SN Preference
Figure 25 Intuitive Types
Face life expectantly, craving inspiration.
Admit fully to consciousness only the sense impressions related to the current inspiration; they are imaginative at the expense of observation.
Are by nature initiators, inventors, and promoters; having no taste for life as it is, and small capacity for living as it is, and small capacity for living in and enjoying the present, they are generally restless.
Desiring chiefly opportunities and possibilities, and being very imaginative, they are inventive and original, quite indifferent to what other people have and do, and are very independent of their physical surroundings.
Dislike intensely any and every occupation that necessitates sustained concentration on sensing, and are willing to sacrifice the present to a large extent since they neither live in it nor particularly enjoy it.
Prefer the joy of enterprise and achievement and pay little or no attention to the art of living in the present.
Contribute to the public welfare by their inventiveness, initiative, enterprise, and powers of inspired leadership in every direction of human interest.
Are always in danger of being fickle, changeable, and lacking in persistence, unless balance is attained through development of a judging process.
Chapter 6 Effect of the TF Preference
Figure 26 Feeling Types
Value sentiment above logic.
Are usually personal, being more interested in people than in things.
If forced to choose between tactfulness and truthfulness, will in executive be tactful.
Are stronger in the social arts than in executive ability.
Are likely to agree with those around them, thinking as other people think, believing them probably right.
Are naturally friendly, whether sociable or not, they find it difficult to be brief and businesslike.
Usually find it hard to know where to start a statement or in what order to present what they have to say. May therefore ramble and repeat themselves, with more detail than a thinker wants or thinks necessary.
Suppress, undervalue, and ignore thinking that is offensive to the feeling judgments.
Contribute to the welfare of society by their loyal support of good works and those movements, generally regarded as food by the community, which they feel correctly about and so can serve effectively.
Are found more often among women than men and, when married to a thinking type, frequently become guardian of the spouse's neglected and harrassed feeling.
Chapter 7 Effect of the JP Preference
Figure 27 Perceptive Types
Are more curious than decisive.
Live according to the situation of the moment and adjust them selves easily to the accidental and unexpected.
Are frequently masterful in their handling of the unplanned, unexpected, and incidental, but may not make an effective choice among life's possibilities.
Being empirical, they depend on their readiness for anything and everything to bring them a constant flow of new experience - much or more than they can digest or use.
Like to keep decisions open as long as possible before doing anything irrevocable, because they don't know nearly enough about it.
Know what other people are doing, and are interested to see how it comes out.
Take great pleasure in starting something new, until the newness wears off.
Are inclined to regard the judging types as only half-alive.
Aim to miss nothing.
Are flexible, adaptable, and tolerant.
* differentiate introverts in the top row from those in the second row, with certain exception due to the special role of the introvert's dominant process.
Chapter 8 Extroverted and Introverted Forms of the Processes Compared
Figure 29 Introverted Feeling
Is determined chiefly by the subjective factor and serves as a guide to the emotional acceptance or rejection of various aspects of life.
Adapts the objective situation to the individual by the simple process of excluding or ignoring the unacceptable.
Depends upon abstract feeling - ideals such as love, patriotism, religion, and loyalty, and is deep and passionate rather than extensive.
Finds soundness and value inside one's self from one's own inner wealth and powers of appreciation and abstraction.
Has as goal the fostering and protection of an intense inner emotional life, and, so far as possible, the outer fulfillment and realization of the inner ideal.
May be too overpowering to be expressed at all, creating a false appearance of coldness to the point of indifference, and be completely misunderstood.
Has a tendency to find no objective fulfillment or realization, or outlet - for expression, and presents the danger of living upon sentiment, illusion, and self-pity.
Figure 31 Introverted Intuition
Uses the objective situation in the interests of the inner understanding.
Regards the immediate situation as a prison from which escape is urgently necessary and aims to escape through some sweeping change in the subjective understanding of the objective situation.
Receives its impetus from outer objects but is never arrested by external possibilities, being occupied rather by searching out new angles for viewing and understanding life.
May be creative in any field: artistic, literary, scientific, inventive, philosophical, or religious.
Finds self-expression difficult.
Finds its greatest value lies in the interpretation of life and the promotion of understanding.
Requires the development of balancing judgment not only for the criticism and evaluation of intuitive understanding but to enable it to import its visions to others and bring them to practical usefulness in the world.
Both are characterized by habitual expectancy; both have quick understanding.
Chapter 9 Descriptions of the Sixteen Types
Value, above all, harmony in the inner life of feeling.
Are best at individual work involving personal values - in art, literature, science, psychology, or the perception of needs.
Have feelings that are deep but seldom expressed, because inner tenderness and passionate conviction are both masked by reserve and repose.
Maintain independence from the judgment of others, being bound by inner moral law.
Direct judgment inwardly toward keeping all lesser values subordinate to the greater.
Have a strong sense of duty and faithfulness to obligations, but no desire to impress or influence others.
Are idealistic and loyal, capable of great devotion to a loved person, purpose, or cause.
May use thinking judgment occasionally to help in winning a thinker's support of feeling aims, but is never permitted to oppose those aims.
Introverted Feeling Supported by Intuition
INFPs excel in fields that deal with possibilities for people, such as counseling, teaching, literature, art, science, research, and psychology.
Chapter 14 Type and Occupation
Figure 34. Effects of the I and F Preferences in Work Situations
Introverts
Like quiet for concentration.
Tend to be careful with details, dislike sweeping statements.
Have trouble remembering names and faces.
Tend not to mind working on one project for a long time uninterruptedly.
Are interested in the idea behind their job.
Dislike telephone intrusions and interruptions.
Like to think a lot before they act, sometimes without acting.
Work contentedly alone.
Have some problems communicating.
Feeling Types
Tend to be very aware of other people and their feelings.
Enjoy pleasing people, even in unimportant things.
Like harmony--efficiency may be badly disturbed by office feuds.
Often let decisions be influenced by their own or other people's personal likes and wishes.
Need occasional praise.
Dislike telling people unpleasant things.
Are more people-oriented-- respond more easily to people's values.
Tend to be sympathetic.
Figure 35. Effects of the N and P Preferences in Work Situations
Intuitive Types
Like solving new problems.
Dislike doing the same thing repeatedly.
Enjoy learning a new skill more than using it.
Work in bursts of energy powered by enthusiasm, with slack periods in between.
Reach a conclusion quickly.
Are impatient with routine details.
Are patient with complicated situations.
Follow their inspirations, good or bad.
Frequently make errors of fact.
Dislike taking time for precision.
Perceptive Types
Adapt well to changing situations.
Do not mind leaving things open for alterations.
May have trouble making decisions.
May start too many projects and have difficulty in finishing them.
May postpone unpleasant jobs.
Want to know all about a new job.
Tend to be curious and welcome new light on a thing, situation, or person.
Figure 36. Attraction of Specialties to Each Type (Ratio of Actual to Expected Frequency of Specialties Within Each Type)
INFP Psychiatry