Eco靓词赏析（7）

本期原文选自The Economist 2016-8-6的Leaders板块China's Tech Trailblazers，译文来自商论：
https://gbr.economist.com/articles/view/57a4653dffe2d6df22d45463/zh_CN/en_GB?from=timeline&isappinstalled=1，
释义来自牛津高阶词典、剑桥在线词典、朗文在线词典、韦氏词典、有道词典等网络资源。

1. trailblazer
   中文释义：开拓者；开路的人；先驱者
   英文释义：someone who is the first to discover or develop new methods of doing something
   e.g. a trailblazer in the field of medical research
   文中例句：China’s tech trailblazers（中国的科技开拓者）

2. make headway
   中文释义：前进；取得进展
   英文释义：to make progress or get closer to achieving something
   e.g. I'm trying to learn to drive, but I'm not making much headway (with it).
   e.g. Little headway has been made so far in the negotiations.
   文中例句：Amazon is struggling to make headway.(亚马逊正艰难前行。)

3. ride-hailing
   中文释义：叫车
   英文释义：hail something: to signal to a taxi or a bus, in order to get the driver to stop
   e.g. to hail a taxi/cab
   文中例句：Uber, a ride-hailing service that is the world’s most valuable startup, decided to sell its local unit to Didi Chuxing, a Chinese rival.（叫车服务公司优步（Uber）这一全球估值最高的创业公司决定将自己的中国业务卖给其中国对手滴滴出行。）

4. capitulation
   中文释义：（有条件的）投降；投降协定
   英文释义：capitulation (to somebody/something): the act of accepting that you have been defeated by an enemy or opponent
   e.g. a humiliating/shameful capitulation
   英文释义：capitulation (to somebody/something) agreement to do something that you have been refusing to do for a long time capitulation to political pressure
   文中例句：For many, the lessons of this latest capitulation are clear.（对很多人而言，最近这一投降协议的教训非常清晰。）

5. cosset
   中文释义：宠爱，疼爱；溺爱
   英文释义：cosset somebody (often disapproving) to treat somebody with a lot of care and give them a lot of attention, sometimes too much
   文中例句：China is closed, its firms are cosseted and their talent is for mimicry.（简言之，中国是封闭的，中国的公司也娇生惯养，它们的聪明才智只会用来模仿。）

6. make hay
   中文释义：趁热打铁；勿失良机
   英文释义：make hay while the sun shines (Idioms)
   e.g. (saying) to make good use of opportunities, good conditions, etc. while they last
   文中例句：Now Didi, whose forerunner firms were founded in 2012, three years after Uber introduced ride-hailing, can make hay.（现在滴滴可以抓住时机了。它的前身创立于2012年，比优步引入叫车服务晚了三年。）

7. cut-throat
   中文释义：凶狠的；杀人的；拼命的；残酷的
   英文释义：competing in a strong and unfair way, without considering any harm caused to others:
   e.g. a cut-throat business/market/world
   文中例句：Ride-hailing, like many online businesses, is a cut-throat, winner-takes-all market: Didi itself is the product of a 2015 merger of two local firms. Uber was outcompeted. （像很多在线业务一样，叫车行业是一个竞争惨烈、赢家通吃的市场：滴滴本身是两家国内公司2015年合并的产物。）

8. call time
   中文释义：【体育】(裁判员)宣布暂停
   文中例句：In outlawing subsidies, the regulators called time on a fight the American firm had already lost.（通过将补贴定为不合法，监管部门叫停了这场美国公司已经输掉的战斗。）

9. condescending
   中文释义：表现出优越感的；居高临下的
   英文释义：treating someone as if you are more important or more intelligent than them:
   e.g. I hate the way he's so condescending to his staff!
   文中例句：WeChat is the best riposte to the condescending, widely held belief that Chinese internet firms are merely imitators of Western ones, and cannot innovate themselves.（人们普遍认为，中国互联网公司仅仅是西方公司的模仿者，自己则无法创新。对于这种傲慢的观点，微信无疑是最好的回击。）

10. kick-start
    中文释义：(n)用来发动摩托车引擎的踩踏板 (向下压来启动); (v)以下踢或下压动作来使机器发动；以额外的努力或行为来开始一种事业或程序
    英文释义：to make the engine of a motorcycle start by forcefully pushing down a metal barwith your foot; to make something start to happen
    e.g. Taxes were drastically cut in an attempt to kick-start the economy.
    文中例句：Alibaba kick-started Chinese e-commerce with the clever trick of holding payments in escrow, helping buyers and sellers establish trust.（阿里巴巴通过托管付款这一聪明做法帮助买家和卖家建立信任，撬动了中国的电子商务。）

注：本文仅供学习交流之用，不代表作者观点。英文修习者可以通过学习文中词汇，然后将商论的中文回译成英文，再对照英文原文进行比较，找出差距，以此提高自己的英文水平。