RocksDB属于嵌入式数据库,没有网络交互接口,必须和服务部署在同一台服务器。RocksDB是Facebook公司在LevelDB基础之上开发的一个嵌入式KV系统,在很多方面对LevelDB做了优化和增强,更像是一个完整的产品。有如下特征:
- 高性能: RocksDB使用日志结构的数据库引擎,完全用C++编写,以获得最大的性能。 键和值是任意大小的字节流。
- 为快速存储而优化: RocksDB针对快速、低延迟的存储(如闪存驱动器和高速磁盘驱动器)进行了优化。RocksDB充分利用了flash或RAM提供的高读/写速率的潜力。
- 适应性强: RocksDB 可以适应不同的工作负载。 从 MyRocks 等数据库存储引擎到应用程序数据缓存到嵌入式工作负载,RocksDB 可以用于满足各种数据需求。
- 基础和高级数据库操作: RocksDB提供了一些基本操作,比如打开和关闭数据库,读与写,合并和压缩过滤器等高级操作。
参考了如下文档:
- RocksJava Basics
- Java RocksDB简单入门
Maven依赖(pom.xml)
org.rocksdb
rocksdbjni
6.6.4
完整代码示例,可参考:https://github.com/sxpujs/java-example/blob/master/src/main/java/com/demo/rocksdb/RocksDBExample.java
import org.rocksdb.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class RocksDBExample {
private static final String dbPath = "./rocksdb-data/";
private static final String cfdbPath = "./rocksdb-data-cf/";
static {
RocksDB.loadLibrary();
}
// RocksDB.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY
public void testDefaultColumnFamily() {
System.out.println("testDefaultColumnFamily begin...");
// 文件不存在,则先创建文件
try (final Options options = new Options().setCreateIfMissing(true)) {
try (final RocksDB rocksDB = RocksDB.open(options, dbPath)) {
// 简单key-value
byte[] key = "Hello".getBytes();
rocksDB.put(key, "World".getBytes());
System.out.println(new String(rocksDB.get(key)));
rocksDB.put("SecondKey".getBytes(), "SecondValue".getBytes());
// 通过List做主键查询
List keys = Arrays.asList(key, "SecondKey".getBytes(), "missKey".getBytes());
List values = rocksDB.multiGetAsList(keys);
for (int i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("multiGet " + new String(keys.get(i)) + ":" + (values.get(i) != null ? new String(values.get(i)) : null));
}
// 打印全部[key - value]
RocksIterator iter = rocksDB.newIterator();
for (iter.seekToFirst(); iter.isValid(); iter.next()) {
System.out.println("iterator key:" + new String(iter.key()) + ", iter value:" + new String(iter.value()));
}
// 删除一个key
rocksDB.delete(key);
System.out.println("after remove key:" + new String(key));
iter = rocksDB.newIterator();
for (iter.seekToFirst(); iter.isValid(); iter.next()) {
System.out.println("iterator key:" + new String(iter.key()) + ", iter value:" + new String(iter.value()));
}
}
} catch (RocksDBException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 使用特定的列族打开数据库,可以把列族理解为关系型数据库中的表(table)
public void testCertainColumnFamily() {
System.out.println("\ntestCertainColumnFamily begin...");
try (final ColumnFamilyOptions cfOpts = new ColumnFamilyOptions().optimizeUniversalStyleCompaction()) {
String cfName = "my-first-columnfamily";
// list of column family descriptors, first entry must always be default column family
final List cfDescriptors = Arrays.asList(
new ColumnFamilyDescriptor(RocksDB.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY, cfOpts),
new ColumnFamilyDescriptor(cfName.getBytes(), cfOpts)
);
List cfHandles = new ArrayList<>();
try (final DBOptions dbOptions = new DBOptions().setCreateIfMissing(true).setCreateMissingColumnFamilies(true);
final RocksDB rocksDB = RocksDB.open(dbOptions, cfdbPath, cfDescriptors, cfHandles)) {
ColumnFamilyHandle cfHandle = cfHandles.stream().filter(x -> {
try {
return (new String(x.getName())).equals(cfName);
} catch (RocksDBException e) {
return false;
}
}).collect(Collectors.toList()).get(0);
// 写入key/value
String key = "FirstKey";
rocksDB.put(cfHandle, key.getBytes(), "FirstValue".getBytes());
// 查询单key
byte[] getValue = rocksDB.get(cfHandle, key.getBytes());
System.out.println("get Value : " + new String(getValue));
// 写入第2个key/value
rocksDB.put(cfHandle, "SecondKey".getBytes(), "SecondValue".getBytes());
List keys = Arrays.asList(key.getBytes(), "SecondKey".getBytes());
List cfHandleList = Arrays.asList(cfHandle, cfHandle);
// 查询多个key
List values = rocksDB.multiGetAsList(cfHandleList, keys);
for (int i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("multiGet:" + new String(keys.get(i)) + "--" + (values.get(i) == null ? null : new String(values.get(i))));
}
// 删除单key
rocksDB.delete(cfHandle, key.getBytes());
RocksIterator iter = rocksDB.newIterator(cfHandle);
for (iter.seekToFirst(); iter.isValid(); iter.next()) {
System.out.println("iterator:" + new String(iter.key()) + ":" + new String(iter.value()));
}
} finally {
// NOTE frees the column family handles before freeing the db
for (final ColumnFamilyHandle cfHandle : cfHandles) {
cfHandle.close();
}
}
} catch (RocksDBException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} // frees the column family options
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
RocksDBExample test = new RocksDBExample();
test.testDefaultColumnFamily();
test.testCertainColumnFamily();
}
}