2017英语专八真题答案
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
1. signing
2. primary
3. literacy
4. different but complementary
5. settling/resolving
6. many social contexts
7. characteristics/features
8. reaction
9. distance
10. emotion
11. deliberate
12. intimacy and immediacy
13. continuum
14. degrees of interactivity
15. the usage
SECTION B INTERVIEW
1. What is international leaders’ assessment of the current battle against Ebola?
答案：B. Disheartening.
2.How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?
答案：A. 200.
3.According to Mary, what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?
答案：D. Insufficient operational efforts on the ground.
4.Why do health workers need case management protocol training?
答案：B. They can open up more treatment units.
5.What does this interview mainly talk about?
答案：C. Ebola outpacing operational efforts.
6.What is Tom’s main role in his new position?
答案：D.Creating things from changes in behavior, media, etc.
7.According to Tom, what does innovation require of people?
答案：B. Being brave and willing to take a risk
8.What does Tom see as game-changing chances in the future?
答案：B. Aiming at a consumer level.
9.What does Tom do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?
答案：D. Examining the future carefully.
10.Which of the following might Tom work for?
答案：A. A media agency.
阅读答案
11)A：细节题，问第四段前半部分提出什么事实?原文为：Life is rolling along at treacly pace; there is an unnerving stillness to the landscape. C选项在文章中无法得到，选项B(little known)和D选项(stunning)是段落后部分的，因此答案为A选项。
12)C：指代题：问the lack of awareness指什么?本题为承上启下的出法，上一段的最后一句话为…but day after day, we had spectacular beaches to ourselves, 下一段开篇就说the lack of awareness, 因此这里的the lack of awareness应该和spectacular beaches有关。A选项无法得到，而B选项和D选项都是缺乏意识的原因，而不是the lack of awareness的指代，属于答非所谓。因此C是正确答案。
13)C：词汇题：问使用gloriously的意图：原句为：A kilometer away from the main house, pool and restaurant, it is gloriously isolated. 可见这里应该是将自己的家和周边环境进行对比，并无夸赞之意思，ABD都可以排除，C选项为正确答案：gloriously的字面意思为辉煌的、光荣的，成功的，但是做反语讽刺的时候，为“极度的”
14)D：句子含义题：问“we never ate the same food twice”是什么意思，原文为：Knowing that at everyone there would be a cabinet full of fresh seafood to choose from… we never ate the same food twice. 由此可知，原文强调的是种类多，而不是新鲜好吃，其他选项都不对，D为正确答案。
15) A：段落主旨题：问哪个主题是重复的。原文的第一段和最后一段都提到风景，第一段是prettiest village, 最后一段是idyllic natural harbor, clear …water，没有重复B选项错误;seafood在第11段出现，但是第1段没有出现，所以C选项错误;accommodation在第一段提到过(B%B)但是在最后一段没有提到过;但是两个段落都提到了这里的荒芜人员，第一段的empty和最后一段的deserted，属于近义词改写，都涉及“吸引公众的注意、为公众所知”，因此A选项(publicity)是正确的。
16) C：推导题：A选项的strongly过度，BD和文章内容相反。
17) A：句子含义题：原文第四段强调我们是善于讲故事的(we are story tellers)，B选项的like telling和D选项中的like listening都与此意不相符;C选项中的born与文章原意不相符，所以A选项是正确的
18) B：细节题：原文为：The creative circle is not complete without the reader, who will supply their own creative process into the process …A writer begins it; A reader finishes it. AC选项在文章中没有，D选项是“互换的、互补的、相互的”，而原文更强调读者参与度对作品的帮助，而没有强调作者对于读者的帮助，这与A writer begins it; A reader finishes it.不符。由此可见，作者和读者之间应更多体现出协作关系，所以B选项是正确的。
19) A：细节推导题：原文为：The principal aim of pre-reading is to get students to want to read the text，故排除B选项(打好基础)，C选项(吸引学生注意力);此后作者指出：We developed activities which use clues … from the text yet to be read…(我们开发出活动，运用课文中的线索)，而选项D强调(pre-reading provides clues to the text to be read);主语不一致，故D选项是错误的;A选项是正确答案：这与段落结尾(releasing imagination is the objective)相符。
20) C：拓宽想象力应该是pre-reading的内容，而不是textual intervention的内容，故C选项是正确的。A选项在选项中明确提到;B选项(interpret ambiguities)是…narrative presents choices, …points divergence的改写;D选项(examine the structure)是the process of questioning the text改写。 故C选项是正确答案。
21) B：文章细节题：A选项(good grade)是年轻人所缺乏的，military training和national service都不提供，C选项(mutual trust)是national service所提供的，原文是“reconnect Americans to the rest of us.)，军事训练提供的是“对于能力的彼此尊重(mutual respect for each other’s abilities)，而不是mutual trust，所以C不对;D选项的work ethic和national service有关，原文是personal responsibility的复述，但这不是military training能提供的。B选项是两种形式都提供的，原文为：1)military training: in military life…, it is taught and learned in an atmosphere of discipline and earned … 2)with its emphasis on discipline….., national service can provide both the training….，这里两者都提到了discipline，和选项B自律是最大相似改写(self-discipline)，因此B选项是正确答案。
22) A：例证题：原文在提到父亲时的原文为：Discipline is the cornerstone of any responsible citizen’s life. 然后才提到自己父亲的经历，因此作者的例证应该是和discipline有关，故A选项是正确的。
23) A：取非题：B选项和C选项在文章中明确提到过，C选项(confidence and hope)是最后一句的改写：“national service can provide both the training and that first vital job that will reconnect these Americans with the rest of us.”，只有A选项(increase of income)在文章内没有提到过。故A选项是正确的。
24) B：指代题：问fire指代什么?在原文首段第一句中，作者指出：Once again, seething, residual anger burst forth in an American city. 这与末段最后一句，Let’s do it now before the fire next time是最大相似改写，由此可知，这里的fire应该指“怒火”，故B选项是正确答案。
25)busy in July and August only, (或者not busy all the year other than July and August)
26)far from airports, and without proper accommodation.
27)a conventional activity without any higher purpose.
28)while reading, be in your own right.
29)Narrative provides a creative process which encourages students to read.
30)National service can give the urban poor a good life.
31)The fact that military service is good for career training.
32)The rich keeps away from the poor. (或者：There is some alienation between the rich and the poor.)
新东方黄培辰老师解析
2017专八语言知识答案：
1) it is…which改成it is …that
2) thus变成as
3)删去how
4) the more的前面应该有and
5) specially变成especially
6) dominated变成dominating
7) make变成offer或者conduct,
8)改法1：删去some;该法2：保留some skills, 在ability的前面加the
9) specialized应该变成specialize
10) in the manner of改成in the way of
Part IV TRANSLATION
参考译文：
The reasons for the elders’mixed feelings about the New Year, I think, come down to the following twoones. On the one hand, celebrating the New Year means a great expense to them.On the other hand, the fleeting time exerts considerable pressure on them. Kidsmay say excitedly that they begin another year in their life after the NewYear; while, elders may sigh, “Well, I’ve become one yearolder!” For the kids, the New Year means that they are making progress in themost brilliant part of their life. On the contrary, for the elders, it’s anindication that they are sliding into their declining years.
2017专八写作答案
The Pros and Cons of Job-Hopping
As more and more people are puzzled by whether one should choose job-hopping or not, a heated controversy has arisen both across the public and the world of human resources. For advocates from the excerpts, job hoppers are apt to achieve more brilliant performance in ever-increasingly competitive job market than their peers as they generally seem smarter than ever to adapt well into various cultures and social milieus. By gaining more invaluable technical knowledge, job hopping can particularly enable IT technicians best equipped with skills, confidence and hope for any precious opportunities. Opponents, though, hold that too fast job-hoppers are liable to a victimization by the current economic depressions. Businesses wish professional managers’ job shifting interval longer enough to accomplish power for self-adjustment, strong will and great capability In my view, despite the good reasons by opponents’ caveat, the advocates’ optimism deserves better recognition by highlighting two positive impacts upon youths’ career development: individual success and the development of socialization.
At first sight, a good number of demerits for job changes, especially within shorter intervals, can not be neglected. Job hoppers tend to lose convenience and adaptability\familiarity with the old\little changed environment, a more healthy and regular lifestyle, more leisure time, a steady and fat pay rise or even they have to sacrifice stable and undisturbed family relations. To be worse, spiritual ease with lower pressures to cope with the same work procedure or technique would be missed permanently as, rather than being skilled, veteran, and competent enough for further promotion or any opportunity of education or training, those ready to shift between jobs may risk their failure to accumulate experiences and make long-term contributions to the company or even the country. Most regrettably, a habitual, solid and established social communication circle as well as a reliable interaction with the superiors or bosses would be hard to come by.
Be that as it may, on second thoughts, more advantages may go to such a popular fashion of job hopping. Among other merits, an indispensable benefit should be their more active tendency to receive any physical or mental challenges. By leading a more mobile or dynamic lifestyle, hence more physically and mentally experienced against countless new pressures, job-hoppers are forced to adapt oneself to diversified life conditions or situations\circumstances and acquire great abilities to deal with hard pressures in today’s world, being self-motivated, energetic, fashion-minded and determined. Moreover, they might enjoy the various challenges and keep feelings excited and stimulated by mobile landscapes and experiences in order to live an enriched life. In the final analysis, reselecting one’s job can broaden one’s horizon, open one’s mind and sharpen one’s thought, accumulating knowledge from trades of varied types to become a “jack-of-all-trades” rarefied enough to be welcome by companies nowadays.
More significantly, job hopping, many observers have argued, seem also to have brought about more fruitful social experiences than sticking to a same vocation. Job hopping could cultivate competent capability in socializing with optimism and maturity, respect and trust amidst this globally and technically driven world. Furthermore, they would get acquainted with more new friends from different lines, areas, backgrounds or even nations. As a matter of fact, it is the self-disciplined job shifting that has laid unusual emphasis upon shaping such a significant dimension of a youngster’s values and identities through learning how to tackle difficult problems concerning public relations and cultural communication in this global village. Thereby, they are more ready to discover problems and loopholes for each company or even the country, thus making special contributions to each company or even the nation.
To sum up, while some drawbacks must confront the public to take a cautious glance at the restless job-hoppers, given the fact that it is a quite dubious trend in this dramatically changed world, more courage and encouragement need to be provided to job-hopping heroes or heroines, at least thanks to two great assets they have manifested so far, that is, enhancing each one’s professional and mental development and reshaping their social being. To strike a perfect balance between the pros and the cons, a compromise might be highly recommended for job hoppers to extend their hopping intervals to more than four years as the opponents have argues, thus envisioning their most promising future career development.
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture.
You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.
While listening to the mini-lecture,
please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE
and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.
Make sure the words you fill in are
both grammatically and semantically acceptable.
The Modes of Language
Good morning, everyone! In our last lecture,I was talking about language as part of our semiotic system, and today I am going to move onto another topic. That is, the modes of language.
As you may know, messages are transmitted in human language most frequently through two primary modes: speech and writing. Well, you know that there is also a third mode, which is not that frequently used as speech and writing. The third mode is called signing, which is used by deaf people. But in today's lecture we will just focus on speech and writing, and specific features of these two modes. In linguistics, it is commonly noted that speech is primary and writing secondary. Linguists take this position because all languages are spoken, except those dead languages such as Latin, which is only existing in written form. All children will naturally acquire the spoken version of a language if they are exposed to it. They acquire the spoken form of their mother tongue during the formative period of language acquisition. However, to become literate, a child will need some kind of formal schooling in reading and writing.In many respects, we may call speech "primary" and writing "secondary". It implies that writing has a second-class status when compared with speech. In fact, it is more accurate to view the two modes as having different but complementary roles. For instance, in most legal systems, while an oral contract is legally binding, a written contract is preferred. The reason is simple: unlike speech, writing provides a permanent record of the contract. Thus, if the terms of the contract are disputed, the written record of the contract can be consulted and interpreted. Disputes over an oral contract will involve one person's recollection of the contract versus another person's. While writing may be the preferred mode for a contract, in many other contexts, speech will be more appropriate. Because the most common type of speech --- face-to-face conversations ---is highly interactive, this mode is well suited to many social contexts: such as casual conversations over lunch, business transactions in a grocery store, discussions between students and teachers in a classroom. And in these contexts, interactive dialogues have many advantages over writing. For instance,individuals engaged in conversation can ask for immediate clarification if there is a question about something said; in a letter to a friend,in contrast, such immediacy is lacking. When speaking to one another, speakers are face to face and can therefore see how individuals react to what is said. On the other hand, writing creates distance between writer and reader, preventing the writer from getting any immediate reaction from the reader. Speech is oral, thus making it possible to use intonation to emphasize words or phrases and express emotion. Of course, one might say that writing has punctuation; well, it can express only a small proportion of the features that intonation has. Because speech is created "on-line," it is produced quickly and easily. This may result in many "ungrammatical" constructions, but rarely do these rough sentences cause miscommunications. You know, if there is a misunderstanding, it can be easily corrected. On the contrary, writing is much more deliberate. It requires planning, editing and thus taking much more time to produce on the part of the writer. Because of all of these characteristics of writing, if an individual desires a casual, intimate encounter with a friend, he or she is more likely to meet personally than write a letter. In this case, writing a letter to a friend might turn out to be too formal. Of course, in today's world, the highly developed technology has made such encounters possible with "instant messaging", over a computer or a smartphone. And if someone wishes to have such an encounter with a friend living many miles away， then this kind of on-line written "chat"can mimic a face-to-face conversation. But because such conversations are a hybrid of speech and writing, they still lack the intimacy and immediacy of a face-to-face conversation. While speech and writing are often viewed as discrete modes, it is important for us to note
that there is a continuum between speech and writing.
While speech is in general more interactive than writing,
various kinds of spoken and written English
display various degrees of interactivity.
For instance, various linguistic markers of interactive discourse
such as first and second person pronouns, contractions,
and private verbs such as think and feel,
occurred very frequently in telephone and face-to-face conversations
but less frequently in spontaneous speeches, interviews, and broadcasts.
In addition, some kinds of writing,
such as academic prose and official documents,
exhibited few markers of interactive discourse,
but other kinds of written texts,particularly personal letters,
ranked higher on the scale of interactivity
than many of the spoken texts.
In other words,
how language is structured depends less on
whether it is spoken or written
but more on how it is being used.
For example, a personal letter,
even though it is written,
will contain linguistic features marking interactivity
because the writer of a letter
wishes to interact with the receiver of the letter.
On the other hand, in an interview,
the goal is not to interact necessarily
but to get information from the person being interviewed.
Therefore, though interviews are spoken,
they have fewer markers of interactivity
and contain more features typically associated with written texts.
OK, to sum up,
we have been dealing with the modes of language in today's lecture.
The two most frequently used modes are speech and writing.
As two different modes of language, speech and writing,
have their own characteristics.
Speech is a preferred mode in many social contexts
while interactivity is needed.
Of course, when a formal,
stable record is preferred,
writing should be an appropriate mode.
Finally, I have also emphasized that
there is a continuum between speech and writing.
In the following lecture,
we will concentrate on the linguistic structure of language.
Thank you.
Now you have three minutes to check your work.
This is the end of SECTION A MINI-LECTURE.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear TWO interviews.
At the end of each interview,
five questions will be asked about what was said.
Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.
After each question there will be a ten-second pause.
During the pause,
you should read the four choices of A), B), C) and D),
and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.
Now, listen to the first interview.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.
M: Good evening everybody.
Despite new promises of aid,
international leaders provided disheartening assessments
of the current battle against Ebola.
The head of the World Bank said the international community
--- community had "failed miserably" in its initial response.
The director of the Center for Disease Control said
the situation reminded him of the early days of the AIDS epidemic.
We get our own assessment from one of the few nongovernmental groups
treating patients in West Africa.
International Medical Corps has built a treatment clinic in Liberia
and is constructing other facilities in both Liberia and Sierra Leone.
Its president and CEO, Mary Johnson, joins me now.
Thank you for joining us.
W: Thank you, Jack.
M: How many beds, how many facilities,
how many people would you say that you're engaged in treating now?
W: OK.
So, in Liberia,
International Medical Corps opened up a 70-bed hospital
--- or actually we call it a treatment unit.
We opened that up in mid-September.
We are scaling up
and we will be opening up another treatment unit in Sierra Leone.
In Liberia, we have about 200 people working in this treatment unit,
trying to contain it, as well as treating people who have Ebola,
with the hopes that they will recover,
and they are recovering when they receive treatment.
M: Do you have any sense that
the progress of this disease is being --- is slowing?
W: Well, let me say that it's clear that efforts,
like ours and other organizations', are working.
When there are treatment efforts,
when there are health care workers to treat patients as they come in
--- I mean, our first patients that arrived to our treatment unit,
they died at the doorstep.
But now we see that patients are recovering,
and they're returning back to their families.
So any efforts around treatment and containment are working.
The problem, and the challenge is, that
there are just not enough operational efforts on the ground.
That's the challenge.
M: Is that because a lack of international action or nongovernmental action,
or is it because the infrastructure in these communities is so difficult
that even if you sent them 10 pop-up hospitals,
they couldn't build them?
W: OK.
Well, it's a number of factors.
One, certainly,
the health care infrastructures are very weak in West Africa,
under-resourced.
They don't have enough health workers.
That's one thing.
The second thing is
the spread wasn't contained more quickly some months ago.
International donors are stepping up.
In fact, our treatment unit in Liberia was made possible from
a grant from USAID's Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance.
It took 5 million to open that up and about a million a month.
So, part of it is the resources need to be there,
but also people are really afraid.
They're afraid to provide treatment
because they also need to keep their own health workers safe.
And so one of the things that we have done is
we have said to other community health people
as well as other international NGOs,
we will provide case management protocol training.
We will train their workers so that
they can open up more treatment facilities.
The problem we have now is that
the disease and the outbreak is being
--- is outpacing the operational efforts on ground.
There are a lot of plans in place,
by the way, to change that,
and we're still within that window.
M: Well Mary, thank you very much for staying with us today.
W: You are welcome.
This is the end of the first interview.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you've just heard.
1. What is international leaders' assessment
of the current battle against Ebola?
2. How many people are now working in the treatment unit in Liberia?
3. According to Mary,
what is the challenge in the battle against Ebola?
4. Why do health workers need case management protocol training?
5. What does this interview mainly talk about?
Now listen to the second interview.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.
W: Tom, I understand
when Havas Media North America hired you early this year
to be head of strategy and innovation,
it did not include the words "future" or "futurist" in your title,
but a large part of your role is understanding
where the near- and not-so-distant futures of media
can be applied and accelerated in ways that
give Havas and its clients a competitive advantage.
M: Yes…
W: So what exactly is your role at Havas?
M: Well, I'm very lucky in that I get paid to think!
My role is about understanding the changes
in behavior, technology and media,
and then to use that information to inspire new thinking and new ideas,
and then to bring them to life.
It could be anything from what the Internet of things means for our clients,
to how mobile coupons could develop.
The key is making something from it.
W: What areas of the business do you think
require the most focus on innovation right now?
M: I think we need to innovate in two very broad areas.
First we need to start working around people
and not our own interests or channels.
We need to create new processes and structures,
and bring in new talent to take advantage of the evolving media landscape.
In the same way that television shows were plays that were filmed,
we've tended to simply repurpose advertising units
that were invented several decades ago.
Secondly, we need to re-evaluate the role of advertising.
For me, media agencies should not be advising clients
on how to spend marketing money,
but applying design thinking, creativity, data and consumer understanding
to solve client business problems.
W: How do you know which areas to focus on
that will actually lead to business results vs.being interesting,
but potentially low-yielding dead-ends?
M: The hardest thing with innovation is that it needs people to take a risk.
You can't do anything for the first time
if you need to show previous success stories,
because by definition it's never been done before.
As an industry,
we need to focus on our gut feelings and on superb ideas,
not just data supported arguments.
W: What areas do you think are being overlooked by the industry
that could be game-changing opportunities in the future?
M: I believe that the industry is going to start targeting at a user level,
serving messages directly to consumers.
Right now,
we still move people to visit websites or enter some silly competition.
Why not use ads to download mobile coupons or send offers to friends,
or save locations to bookmark, or make phone calls?
W: How do you reconcile your role
between innovating and applying it into strategy?
M: The hardest part of my job is establishing the "focal point".
My approach first is to take a long hard look at the future
and see what will be possible one day,
and then to consider an entry point
that is buyable in the next four months, and make it happen.
W: What do you think of other agencies'
getting directly into the ventures game
to fuel innovation vis-a-vis capital.
Or is it best left to professional venture capital firms,
or clients to do directly?
M: I think the role of media agencies needs to be
about collaboration and openness and fostering creativity,
but the key is how that is done,
and how we ensure
that everything is about the best interests of our clients.
W: OK, Tom.
Thanks for being with us.
M: Pleasure.
This is the end of the second interview.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you've just heard.
6. What is Tom's main role in his new position?
7. According to Tom,
what does innovation require of people?
8. What does Tom see as game-changing chances in the future?
9. What does Tom do first to deal with the toughest part of his work?
10. Which of the following might Tom work for?
This is the end of PARTⅠ LISTENING COMPREHENSION.