H3CSE路由篇
第二章:OSPF的基本配置和优化
一,ospf的基本配置:
1,
启动ospf进程,并制定进程ID,默认为1
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1(同时指定router-id)
2,
配置区域ID
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
3,
在指定网段的接口下使能ospf
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
二,ospf单区域的配置
R2:ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
area 0.0.0.0
network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
FR-SWITCHING: ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.0
network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
配置完成查看邻居状态:
[FR-SWITCHING-ospf-1]display ospf peer
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Neighbor Brief Information
Area: 0.0.0.0
Router ID Address Pri Dead-Time Interface State
1.1.1.1 12.0.0.1 1 40 GE0/1/0 Full/DR
三,ospf多区域的配置
在单区域的基础上配置RTB:area 0.0.0.1
network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
RTC:ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.1
network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
查看结果:[FR-SWITCHING]display ospf peer
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Neighbor Brief Information
Area: 0.0.0.0
Router ID Address Pri Dead-Time Interface State
1.1.1.1 12.0.0.1 1 36 GE0/1/0 Full/DR
Area: 0.0.0.1
Router ID Address Pri Dead-Time Interface State
3.3.3.3 23.0.0.3 1 37 GE0/1/1 Full/DR
产看ospf路由表项:
[RTC-ospf-1]display ospf routing
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
23.0.0.0/24 1 Transit 23.0.0.3 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.1
12.0.0.0/24 2 Inter 23.0.0.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.1
Total Nets: 2
Intra Area: 1 Inter Area: 1 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
其中transit表示转发网络,inter表示区域间路由,stub表示末梢网络
四,ospf的网络类型:1,boardcast;2,NBMA;3,P2P;4,P2MP(cisco中存在第五种网络类型:点到多点非广播)
NBMA网络中的ospf配置:(此处只研究P2MP与NBMA环境下的ospf)
1,
模拟帧中继交换机:
[FR-Switching]fr switching
[FR-Switching -serial0/2/0] interface Serial0/2/0
[FR-Switching serial0/2/0] link-protocol fr
[FR-Switching -serial0/2/0] fr interface-type dce
[FR-Switching -serial0/2/0] fr dlci 102
[FR-Switching -serial0/2/0] fr dlci 103
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/0] fr dlci-switch 102 interface Serial0/2/1 dlci 201
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/0] fr dlci-switch 103 interface Serial0/2/2 dlci 301
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/1]link-protocol fr
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/1] fr interface-type dce
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/1] fr dlci-switch 201 interface Serial0/2/0 dlci 102
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/1] fr dlci-switch 203 interface Serial0/2/2 dlci 302
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/1] fr dlci 201
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/1] fr dlci 203
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/2] link-protocol fr
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/2] fr interface-type dce
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/2] fr dlci-switch 301 interface Serial0/2/0 dlci 103
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/2] fr dlci-switch 302 interface Serial0/2/1 dlci 203
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/2] fr dlci 301
[FR-SWITCHING-serial0/2/2] fr dlci 302
注:inverse arp可以自动解析每条虚链路连接的对端设备IP地址,若不关闭则会影响静态映射的实验效果
2,
在非帧中继交换机上配置(RTC、RTD同理)
[R2-serial0/2/0] interface Serial0/2/0
[R2-serial0/2/0]link-protocol fr
[R2 -Serial0/2/0]undo fr inarp(关闭逆向地址解析协议)
[R2-serial0/2/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
3,配置ospf协议(FR-SWITCHING、RTC同理)
[R2] ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R2-ospf-1] peer 10.1.1.2(只可以指定邻居接口地址,因为它存在dlci映射关系)
[R2-ospf-1] peer 10.1.1.3
[R2-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R2 -ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R2 -ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
查看邻居状态
[R2]display ospf peer
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Neighbor Brief Information
Area: 0.0.0.0
Router ID Address Pri Dead-Time Interface State
2.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 1 95 S0/2/0 Full/BDR
3.3.3.3 10.1.1.3 1 105 S0/2/0 Full/DR
查看接口网络类型:
[R2]display ospf interface Serial 0/2/0
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Interfaces
Interface: 10.1.1.1 (Serial0/2/0)
Cost: 1562 State: DROther Type: NBMA MTU: 1500
Priority: 1
Designated Router: 10.1.1.3
Backup Designated Router: 10.1.1.2
Timers: Hello 30, Dead 120, Poll 120, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1
由以上结果可以看出,FR网络的默认网络类型为NBMA
在NBMA网络中无法传递广播、组播报文,运行ospf时需发送单播建立邻居关系;
修改网络类型:
[R2-serial0/2/0] ospf timer hello 10
[R2-serial0/2/0] ospf timer dead 40
[R2-serial0/2/0] ospf network-type broadcast
修改网络类型为boardcast后,ospf便可以通过组播建立邻居关系,而不需要手动指定邻居。
五,环境下的ospf
P2MP并不是默认的网络类型,需通过强制更改NBMA网络类型为P2MP;P2MP网络上ospf可以通过组播报文进行邻居发现、建立于维护,需手动映射本地dlci与对端接口IP地址的映射通过广播方式发送hello报文
配置实例:(RTC、RTD同理)
[R2-serial0/2/0] interface Serial0/2/0
[R2-serial0/2/0]link-protocol fr
[FR-SWITCHING-Serial0/2/0]undo fr inarp(关闭逆向地址解析协议)
[R2-serial0/2/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
[R2-serial0/2/0]fr map ip 10.1.1.2 102 boardcast
[R2-serial0/2/0]fr map ip 10.1.1.3 103 boardcast(配置静态映射,”boardcast”表示允许通过广播或者组播发送报文)
[R2-serial0/2/0]ospf network-type P2MP
[R2-serial0/2/0]ospf timer hello 30
[R2-serial0/2/0]ospf timer dead 120(P2MP默认与NBMA相同)
[R2] ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R2 -ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R2 -ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255