体悟：
根据经济学人的语域，虽然将原文的隐喻翻出来能让读者体会到st 的风采，但还是以传递信息为target， 建议以直译为妥。
背景理解：
http://www.jiemian.com/article/560856.html
举例：
fintech 更像是国内的 p2p
psd 2 支付宝
这种感觉更像是psd2 提供了一个通道和途径，像是一座桥梁一样连接着顾客和fintech和bank，顾客的交易活动是通过psd2 实现的，比如可以通过支付宝中的蚂蚁花呗贷款和通过支付宝绑定银行进行提现之类的操作。而psd2的安全性就成了监管的重点，有类似于支付宝之类的app，但是很垃圾，忘了什么名字，我朋友就被里面的bug骗钱了，也是国内监管不利的结果。
retail banking : only provide service for individuals
important phases：
level the playing field 创造公平竞争环境
level the paying field 创造公平支付环境
become overdrawn 透支
nudge them to save more 鼓励增加储蓄
have easy access to 便于
kick-stat competition 发动竞争 （脚踏启动器）
give explicit consent 明确同意
one-click bank transfer 一键转帐
low-value payments 小额支付
tighten up security 加强安保措施
guide them toward 指导操作
rich data 庞大数据
leave them in a weaker position: 使他们处于不利地位
robust data-protection system 强大的数据保护系统
insured against losses from fraud 诈骗损失保险
perfect on paper 理论完美，实际操作困难
team up with 合作
online transaction 在线交易所
bank cards 信用卡
unscathed 毫发无伤
unscathed 毫发无伤
be cumbersome for 不方便的
transform the landscape 改变现状
sophisticated checks 复杂的审核
rock-bottom 最低价
dumb pipes 哑管道（没人关心）
block competition 妨碍竞争
sophisticated checks 复杂的审核
bank face 银行信誉
rule be waters down 削弱（掺水）
bare one’s teeth 张牙舞爪
cit change 引起改变
team up with 合作
track cashflow and invoices 查询现金流和发票
via co-operation or confrontation 通过竞争或是合作
wave through a transaction 顺利完成一项交易（complete or finish sth）
misunderstanding:
lochhold 牢牢把握
handy source 轻而易举就可获得的资源（in hand）
mount a challenge 发起挑战
reverse:（totally misunderstand ）
Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
互联网金融公司已经开始发起挑战，尤其是对北欧线上支付领域。但对欧洲其他地区的影响则要小得多。（理解成应对挑战了）
Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection. Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters, offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
抗拒源自对数据保护的担忧，这是合情合理的。但互联网金融的支持者们认为，这也是银行抵制竞争的绝佳借口。（宾主弄混，原先理解成argue with fintech suppoter,支持与反对者之间的争辩，实际应是fintech suppoters argue taht）
This article is mainly talking about two main aspects:one is fintech and the other is retailer bank.The author makes the psd 2 as bridge to connect them,and iterates what challenges has been bring to ,how could they fix with new situation.The author advocates both of them should team up with psd 2.The reasons as follows:1.For fintech,they need customer-transaction information to provide financial services.2.For retailer bank,the advent new technology shakes up the interest rates.So under such circumstance,the solution is that psd2 could input requisite data with customers’ explicit consent and then the cooperate firms could scrounge the information. In order running such business form,the security should be put in first position.One one hand, psd 2 should prove their liability,on the other hand they also have to reinforce the date-protection system.
ps：我觉得逻辑关系应该是这样的，不知道正确与否。
important phases
account for 描述比例
jump by/climb/increase/go up/rise 上升
market capitalization 市值
due to （because of)
beef up 增强
listed companies 上市公司
ground for skepticism dose not come much more fertile than this 最充分的理由莫过于此
justify faith 证明
propel business 促进业务
whirl virtuous circle
It’s easy to tick off the pitfalls. 挑战比比皆是
distant horizon 长远目标
heady valuation 超高估值
self-fulfilling prophecy 自我实现预言
whinge about 抱怨
debacle （disaster) 惨败
lure/entice/attract customer 吸引顾客
crank out cash 赚钱
breath of activities 经营范围
seen through this lens 从这方面看
drone delivers 无人机
get anywhere close to 几乎实现
misunderstanding
former bookseller 书商起家
92% of its value is due to profits expected after 2020. 其中92%来自2020年以后的盈利预期。
If it makes as much money as investors hope 该公司实际业绩与投资者预期一致
So long as shareholders retain their faith in this model, Amazon’s heady valuation resembles a self-fulfilling prophecy.
只要股东对这一模式保持信念，那么亚马逊的超高估值就类似于自我实现预言。
Their faith is sustained by Amazon’s record.
他们的信心来自于亚马逊过去的业绩
But the business is starting to crank out cash.
但是公司还是在赚钱的
A wingspan this large is more reminiscent of a conglomerate than a retailer
亚马逊经营范围之广证明其
These article is mainly express pros and cons view about Amazon business.For one hand,the author admit Amazon’s greatness;the other hand,he also express his concerns for Amazon’s growing problems.At the beginning, the author acclaim that Amazon is an extraordinary company for its breath activities ranging from physical products to technology.Then,as it turns incline,author lists out the plight the Amazon facing.But he heads the belief Amazon could fix it well.One the second section,the author introduce that Amazon brings a subversive managing idea and make comparison between it and few companies.He points out Amazon not like others but focus on distant horizon.Amazon’s success erects upon abnormal facts:1.little earning but heady valuation2.conglomerate but bloated share price.And above all,the most the author admire is its virtuous circle.The bottom section,the author express his concerning,the developing greatness sure will bring regulators unreasonable charge and more duty coming from government.