Apache
# yum install httpd httpd-manual -y
# rpm -ql httpd |less
# service httpd start
# firefox &
http://192.168.3.2/
# chkconfig httpd on //让web服务随系统启动启动
# cd /var/www/html
# echo "大家好，欢迎来到我的空间" > index.html
# firefox &
http://192.168.3.2/
# cd /etc/httpd/conf
把vbird vbird-server 传到 /var/www/html目录下
# vim httpd.conf
337
338 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
339 AllowOverride none
340 Order allow,deny
341 Allow from all
342
398 DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var linux_basic.php.htm
# service httpd restart
# firefox &
http://192.168.3.2/vbird/
------------------------
支持验证
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
337
338 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
339 AllowOverride all
340 authname "vbird"
341 authtype basic
342 authuserfile "/var/www/html/vbird/.htpasswd"
343 require valid-user
344 Order allow,deny
345 Allow from all
346
[root@teacher conf]# cd /var/www/html/vbird
[root@teacher vbird]# htpasswd -c .htpasswd u1
New password:
Re-type new password:
[root@teacher vbird]# htpasswd .htpasswd u2
New password:
Re-type new password:
# service httpd restart
--------------------------------
访问控制
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
authname "vbird"
authtype basic
authuserfile "/var/www/html/vbird/.htpasswd"
require valid-user
Order allow,deny
Allow from 192.168.3.20 //白名单，只允许192.168.3.20访问
# service httpd restart
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# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
authname "vbird"
authtype basic
authuserfile "/var/www/html/vbird/.htpasswd"
require valid-user
Order deny,allow
deny from 192.168.3.20
# service httpd restart
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虚拟主机
基于域名
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
984 NameVirtualHost *:80
1005
1006 ServerAdmin [email protected]
1007 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/google
1008 ServerName www.google.com
1009 ErrorLog logs/google.com-error_log
1010 CustomLog logs/google.com-access_log common
1011
1012
1013
1014 ServerAdmin [email protected]
1015 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/baidu
1016 ServerName www.baidu.com
1017 ErrorLog logs/baidu.com-error_log
1018 CustomLog logs/baidu.com-access_log common
1019
//域名解析
# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.3.2 www.google.com
192.168.3.2 www.baidu.com
//创建网页存放目录
# mkdir /var/www/html/google
# mkdir /var/www/html/baidu
//创建默认首页
[root@teacher vbird]# cd /var/www/html/google/
[root@teacher google]# echo "欢迎来到google！" > index.html
# cd /var/www/html/baidu
# echo "欢迎来到baidu！" > index.html
//服务重启
# service httpd restart
# firefox http://www.google.com
# firefox http://www.baidu.com
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基于ip地址
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
//在一块网卡绑定多个ip地址
# cp -p ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0
# vim ifcfg-eth0:0
DEVICE=eth0:0
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.3.3
ONBOOT=yes
# service network restart
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
984 #NameVirtualHost *:80
1005
1006 ServerAdmin [email protected]
1007 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/google
1008 ServerName www.google.com
1009 ErrorLog logs/google.com-error_log
1010 CustomLog logs/google.com-access_log common
1011
1012
1013
1014 ServerAdmin [email protected]
1015 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/baidu
1016 ServerName www.baidu.com
1017 ErrorLog logs/baidu.com-error_log
1018 CustomLog logs/baidu.com-access_log common
1019
# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.3.2 www.google.com
192.168.3.3 www.baidu.com
# service httpd restart
[root@teacher network-scripts]# firefox http://www.google.com
[root@teacher network-scripts]# firefox http://www.baidu.com
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基于端口
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
134 Listen 80
135 Listen 8080
1007
1008 ServerAdmin [email protected]
1009 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/google
1010 ServerName www.google.com
1011 ErrorLog logs/google.com-error_log
1012 CustomLog logs/google.com-access_log common
1013
1014
1015
1016 ServerAdmin [email protected]
1017 DocumentRoot /var/www/html/baidu
1018 ServerName www.baidu.com
1019 ErrorLog logs/baidu.com-error_log
1020 CustomLog logs/baidu.com-access_log common
1021
# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.3.2 www.google.com
192.168.3.2 www.baidu.com
# service httpd restart
[root@teacher /]# firefox http://www.google.com
[root@teacher /]# firefox http://www.baidu.com:8080
---------------------------
错误消息提示
把虚拟就设置取消掉，服务重启
# service httpd restart
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride none
errordocument 403 /error/403.html
errordocument 404 /error/404.html
Order allow,deny
allow from all
# mkdir /var/www/html/test
# echo "hello" > index.html
[root@teacher test]# ls -l index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Aug 15 15:20 index.html
[root@teacher test]# chmod 640 index.html
# cd /var/www/error/
[root@teacher error]# echo "网站维护中" > 403.html
[root@teacher error]# echo "您找的页面不存在" > 404.html
# firefox http://192.168.3.2/test
# firefox http://192.168.3.2/test/slidfhsfg
-----------------------------
CGI
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# cd /var/www/cgi-bin/
[root@teacher cgi-bin]# ls
[root@teacher cgi-bin]# vim t.cgi
#!/bin/bash
echo "content-type:text/html"
echo ""
echo ""
echo "
this is cgi-bin!
"echo "
"
echo ""
ls -l /
cat /etc/passwd
# chmod o+x t.cgi
# firefox http://192.168.3.2/cgi-bin/t.cgi
----------------------------------
# ab -n 1000 -c 100 http://192.168.3.2
-----------------------
要求个人证书的网页服务器
# yum install mod_ssl -y
# mkdir -pv /etc/ssl/private
创建服务器私钥
# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/ssl/private/server.key 1024
创建证书签名请求
# openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/server.key -out /etc/ssl/private/server.csr
创建自签名证书
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in /etc/ssl/private/server.csr -signkey /etc/ssl/private/server.key -out /etc/ssl/server.crt
# mkdir /etc/ssl/client
创建客户端私钥
# openssl genrsa -des3 -out /etc/ssl/client/client.key 1024
创建证书签名请求
# openssl -req -new -key /etc/ssl/client/client.key -out /etc/ssl/client/client.csr
创建客户端自签名证书
# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in /etc/ssl/client/client.csr -signkey /etc/ssl/client/client.key -out /etc/ssl/client/client.crt
导出windows证书
# openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in /etc/ssl/client/client.crt -inkey /etc/ssl/client/client.key -out /etc/ssl/client/client.p12
# cd /etc/ssl/client/
[root@teacher client]# ls
client.crt client.csr client.key client.p12
[root@teacher client]# cp -p client.p12 /var/www/html
在windows下用ie浏览器下载证书 http://192.168.3.2/client.p12
[root@teacher client]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@teacher conf.d]# vim ssl.conf
18 #Listen 443
113 SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key
136 SSLCACertificateFile /etc/ssl/client/client.crt
143 SSLVerifyClient require
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
134 Listen 443
# service httpd restart
在windows下
打开ie https://192.168.3.2
安装导出来的证书