ButterKnife--View注入框架

Github 地址: 

https://github.com/hpu-spring87/butterknife

 

http://www.stormzhang.com/openandroid/android/2014/01/12/android-butterknife/

 

俗话说:“不会偷懒的程序员不是好的程序员!”。作为一名Android开发,是不是经常厌烦了大量的findViewById以及setOnClickListener代码,而ButterKnife是一个专注于Android系统的View注入框架,让你从此从这些烦人臃肿的代码中解脱出来。先来看一段代码示例说明下ButterKnife是如何简化代码的:

注意:如果你是使用的Eclipse引用该library,你需要参考这里Eclipse Configuration做一些配置,否则会运行出错。

class ExampleActivity extends Activity { TextView title; TextView subtitle; TextView footer; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity); title = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.title); subtitle = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.subtitle); footer = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.footer); // TODO Use views... } }

而用ButterKnife之后的代码是这样的:

class ExampleActivity extends Activity { @InjectView(R.id.title) TextView title; @InjectView(R.id.subtitle) TextView subtitle; @InjectView(R.id.footer) TextView footer; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity); ButterKnife.inject(this); // TODO Use "injected" views... } }

是不是非常简洁易用?下面就来系统的介绍下ButterKnife的用法。

Butter Knife 的特性

  1. 支持 Activity 中的 View 注入

  2. 支持 View 中的 View 注入

  3. 支持 View 事件回调函数注入

目前支持如下事件回调函数:

  • View: @OnLongClick and @OnFocusChanged.

  • TextView: @OnEditorAction.

  • AdapterView: @OnItemClick and @OnItemLongClick.

  • CompoundButton: @OnCheckedChanged.

下面来看一些注入的示例代码:

在Activity 中注入

class ExampleActivity extends Activity { @InjectView(R.id.title) TextView title; @InjectView(R.id.subtitle) TextView subtitle; @InjectView(R.id.footer) TextView footer; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity); ButterKnife.inject(this); // TODO Use "injected" views... } }

在 Fragment 中注入

public class FancyFragment extends Fragment { @InjectView(R.id.button1) Button button1; @InjectView(R.id.button2) Button button2; @Override View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false); ButterKnife.inject(this, view); // TODO Use "injected" views... return view; } }

在 ViewHolder 模式中注入

public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter { @Override public View getView(int position, View view, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder; if (view != null) { holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); } else { view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.whatever, parent, false); holder = new ViewHolder(view); view.setTag(holder); } holder.name.setText("John Doe"); // etc... return convertView; } static class ViewHolder { @InjectView(R.id.title) TextView name; @InjectView(R.id.job_title) TextView jobTitle; public ViewHolder(View view) { ButterKnife.inject(this, view); } } }

注入回调函数

下面是几种注入回调函数的方法示例:

// 带有 Button 参数 @OnClick(R.id.submit) public void sayHi(Button button) { button.setText("Hello!"); } // 不带参数 @OnClick(R.id.submit) public void submit() { // TODO submit data to server... } // 同时注入多个 View 事件 @OnClick({ R.id.door1, R.id.door2, R.id.door3 }) public void pickDoor(DoorView door) { if (door.hasPrizeBehind()) { Toast.makeText(this, "You win!", LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, "Try again", LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }

Reset函数

如果需要在 界面 销毁的时候,把注入的 View 设置为 Null, 则可以用 reset 函数:

public class FancyFragment extends Fragment { @InjectView(R.id.button1) Button button1; @InjectView(R.id.button2) Button button2; @Override View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false); ButterKnife.inject(this, view); // TODO Use "injected" views... return view; } @Override void onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView(); Views.reset(this); } }

另外 还支持 可选的 View 注入,如果该 View 没有,就没有吧:

@Optional @InjectView(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere;
 
@Optional @OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) void onMaybeMissingClicked() {
  // TODO ...
}

还有两个 findViewById 函数来简化查找 View 的方式,如果上面都满足不了你的需求,你可以用用他们:

View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.thing, null); TextView firstName = Views.findById(view, R.id.first_name); TextView lastName = Views.findById(view, R.id.last_name); ImageView photo = Views.findById(view, R.id.photo);

最后,如果你是用Android Studio来作为IDE的话,那么有一个ButterKnife的插件android-butterknife-zelezny, 该插件可以让你手动生成上述注入代码,从此让自己成为一个更懒惰的程序员,上张截图吧。

 

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