CentOS7 基于Postfix Dovecot Extmail 搭建邮件服务器

CentOS7 最小化安装，基于 LAMP，安装环境：CENTOS Mysql Apache Postfix Dovecot.

web 模块是最先需要确定的，因为它决定了邮箱系统最核心的数据结构，这里选用国产的 extmail，其他所有模块都按照 extmail 的结构进行配置修改。
如果在 main.cf 里设置 virtual_transport = virtual，就表示对于包含在 virtual_mailbox_domains域名里的邮件，都使用virtual进行投递。

用户信息存储方式也有很多可选的，比如 mysql, ldap 等。这里选 mysql，原因是各个模块，包括extmail 等对这个支持最好最方便最简单。在投递邮件的时候，需要确定一些数据，比如收件用户的Maildir 的路径，保存邮件用的 uid，gid，邮箱容量等，这些数据需要 courier-authlib 来提供。

整个系统模块间的作用和关系是：
postfix 作为 MTA(Mail Transfer Agent), 负责创建 smtp 服务（smtpd）接收本域用户或其他域名服务器投递来的邮件，负责向其他服务器投递（发送）邮件，管理邮件队列；
courier-authlib 为 maildrop 提供与用户相关的信息查询；
dovecot 提供系统的 POP3 和 IMAP 服务，同时给 postfix 提供 SMTP 的 SASL 认证服务。

一、 装备工作

1、防止不必要的麻烦关闭 Selinux
setenforce 0
2、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
3、添加 MySQL 和 epel 源

yum install -y wget
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm 
wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

二、安装postfix

1、安装编译及其他所需要的包

yum install nginx vim gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel db4-devel ntpdate mysql mysql-devel mysql-server bzip2 php-mysql cyrus-sasl-md5 perl-GD perl-DBD-MySQL perl-GD perl-CPAN perl-CGI perl-CGI-Session cyrus-sasl-lib cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel libtool-ltdl-devel telnet mail libicu-devel  -y

2、编译安装postfix
i. 卸载系统自带的postfix，删除postfix用户，重新指定uid、gid创建新用户postfix，postdrop

yum remove postfix -y
userdel postfix
groupdel postdrop
groupadd -g 2525 postfix
useradd -g postfix -u 2525 -s /sbin/nologin -M postfix
groupadd -g 2526 postdrop
useradd -g postdrop -u 2526 -s /sbin/nologin -M postdrop

ii. 下载源码包并解压编译

wget http://mirrors.go-parts.com/postfix/source/official/postfix-3.0.1.tar.gz
tar xf postfix-3.0.1.tar.gz
cd postfix-3.0.1
make makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DUSE_TLS ' 
'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/lib64/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lrt -lm -L/usr/lib64/sasl2 -lsasl2   -lssl -lcrypto'
make && make install

make install 的时候会有个交互式的界面，自定义一些目录，我们这里只更改第二项临时文件目录，其他的全部默认。

Please specify the prefix for installed file names. Specify this ONLY
if you are building ready-to-install packages for distribution to OTHER
machines. See PACKAGE_README for instructions.
install_root: [/] 
Please specify a directory for scratch files while installing Postfix. You
must have write permission in this directory.
tempdir: [/root/postfix-3.0.1] /tmp/extmail
…………………………
…………………………
shlib_directory: [no] 
Please specify the final destination directory for non-executable files
that are shared among multiple Postfix instances, such as postfix-files,
dynamicmaps.cf, as well as the multi-instance template files main.cf.proto
and master.cf.proto.
meta_directory: [/etc/postfix]

3、更改目录属主属组

chown -R postfix:postdrop /var/spool/postfix
chown -R postfix:postdrop /var/lib/postfix/
chown root /var/spool/postfix
chown -R root /var/spool/postfix/pid

4，修改postfix的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
myhostname = {hostname}        //设置主机名
mydomain = {domain}        //指定域名
myorigin = $mydomain        //指明发件人所在的域名
inet_interfaces =         //all指定postfix系统监听的网络接口
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost,$mydomain        //指定postfix接收邮件时收件人的域名 [使用虚拟域需要禁用]
mynetworks_style = host        //指定信任网段类型
mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8        //指定信任的客户端
relay_domains = $mydestination        //指定允许中转邮件的域名
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases        //设置邮件的别名

三、安装dovecot

1、yum安装

yum install -y dovecot dovecot-mysql

2、配置dovecot

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/dovecot/
[root@localhost dovecot]# vim dovecot.conf        //直接在配置文件最后添加即可
protocols = imap pop3
!include conf.d/*.conf
listen = *
base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/

[root@localhost dovecot]# cd conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim 10-auth.conf
disable_plaintext_auth = no

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim 10-mail.conf
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
mail_location = maildir:/var/mailbox/%d/%n/Maildir
mail_privileged_group = mail

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim 10-ssl.conf
ssl = no

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim 10-logging.conf 
log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log
info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot.info
log_timestamp = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S "

[root@localhost conf.d]# cp auth-sql.conf.ext auth-sql.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim auth-sql.conf
passdb {  
driver = sql  # Path for SQL configuration file, see example-config/dovecot-sql.conf.ext  
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
}
userdb {  
driver = sql  
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf
}

3、编辑dovecot通过mysql认证的配置文件

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/dovecot-mysql.conf
driver = mysql
connect = host=localhost dbname=extmail user=extmail password=extmail
default_pass_scheme = CRYPT
password_query = SELECT username AS user,password AS password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u'
user_query = SELECT maildir, uidnumber AS uid, gidnumber AS gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u'

四、安装courier-authlib

1、下载解压并并编译

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/courier/files/authlib/0.66.2/courier-authlib-0.66.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf courier-authlib-0.66.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# cd courier-authlib-0.66.2
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/courier-authlib \
    --sysconfdir=/etc \
    --without-authpam \
    --without-authshadow \
    --without-authvchkpw \
    --without-authpgsql \
    --with-authmysql \
    --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib64/mysql \
    --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql \
    --with-redhat \
    --with-authmysqlrc=/etc/authmysqlrc \
    --with-authdaemonrc=/etc/authdaemonrc \
    --with-mailuser=postfix

这里会报错，configure: error: The Courier Unicode Library 1.2 appears not to be installed.提示 Courier Unicode Library 没有安装，下载 courier-unicode-1.2 并编译安装。

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/courier/files/courier-unicode/1.2/courier-unicode-1.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf courier-unicode-1.2.tar.bz2 
[root@localhost ~]# cd courier-unicode-1.2
[root@localhost courier-unicode-1.2]# ./configure
[root@localhost courier-unicode-1.2]# make && make install

再次编译 courier-authlib，最后 make && makeinstall

2、配置 courier-authlib

[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# chmod 755 /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# cp /etc/authdaemonrc.dist  /etc/authdaemonrc
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# cp /etc/authmysqlrc.dist  /etc/authmysqlrc

验证方法使用authmysql

[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# vim /etc/authdaemonrc           
authmodulelist="authmysql"
authmodulelistorig="authmysql"

[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# vim /etc/authmysqlrc            //直接添加到配置文件尾部，然后去上面将响应系统默认的注视掉，或者删除即可
MYSQL_SERVER            localhost
MYSQL_USERNAME          extmail
MYSQL_PASSWORD          extmail
MYSQL_SOCKET            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
MYSQL_PORT               3306
MYSQL_DATABASE          extmail
MYSQL_USER_TABLE        mailbox
MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD     password
DEFAULT_DOMAIN          test.com
MYSQL_UID_FIELD         '2525'
MYSQL_GID_FIELD         '2525'
MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD       username
MYSQL_HOME_FIELD        concat('/var/mailbox/',homedir)
MYSQL_NAME_FIELD        name
MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD     concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir)

3、 courier-authlib 添加服务启动脚本及其他

[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# cp courier-authlib.sysvinit /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# chkconfig --add courier-authlib
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# chkconfig courier-authlib on
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.2]# echo "/usr/local/courier-authlib/lib/courier-authlib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/courier-authlib.conf
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.1]# ldconfig
[root@localhost  courier-authlib-0.66.1]# service courier-authlib start
Starting Courier authentication services: authdaemond

4、smtp以及虚拟用户相关的设置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib64/sasl2/smtpd.conf        //文件不存在，要自己创建
pwcheck_method: authdaemond
log_level: 3
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
authdaemond_path:/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
##postfix支持SMTP##
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = ''
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
broken_sasl_auth_clients=yes
smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
##postfix支持虚拟用户##
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf   //这里的配置文件需在后面extman
里复制过来
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:2525
virtual_gid_maps = static:2525
virtual_transport = virtual

五、安装extmail

下载包

wget http://7xivyw.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/extmail-1.2.tar.gz
wget http://7xivyw.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/extman-1.2.tar.gz

1、创建目录并解压

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/extsuite
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf extmail-1.2.tar.gz -C /var/www/extsuite/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /var/www/extsuite/extmail-1.2/ /var/www/extsuite/extmail

2、更改extmail的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/extsuite/extmail
[root@localhost extmail]# cp webmail.cf.default webmail.cf
[root@localhost extmail]# vim webmail.cf
SYS_SESS_DIR = /tmp/extmail
SYS_UPLOAD_TMPDIR = /tmp/extmail/upload
SYS_USER_LANG = zh_CN
SYS_MIN_PASS_LEN = 8
SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /var/mailbox
SYS_MYSQL_USER = extmail
SYS_MYSQL_PASS = extmail
SYS_MYSQL_DB = extmail
SYS_MYSQL_HOST = localhost
SYS_MYSQL_SOCKET = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
SYS_MYSQL_TABLE = mailbox
SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_USERNAME = username
SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_DOMAIN = domain
SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_PASSWD = password
SYS_AUTHLIB_SOCKET = /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket

3、建立临时文件目录与session目录

[root@localhost extmail]# mkdir -p /tmp/extmail/upload
[root@localhost extmail]# chown -R postfix.postfix /tmp/extmail/

六、安装extman

1、解压extman

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf extman-1.1.tar.gz -C /var/www/extsuite/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/extsuite/
[root@localhost extsuite]# mv extman-1.1/ extman

2、更改extman配置文件

[root@localhost extsuite]# cd extman/
[root@localhost extman]# cp webman.cf.default webman.cf

3、更改cgi目录属主属组

[root@localhost extman]# chown -R postfix.postfix /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi/
[root@localhost extman]# chown -R postfix.postfix /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi/

4、导入数据库

由于数据库不能识别TYPE= MyISAM ，所以这里直接导入会出错，先编辑extmail.sql数据库文件，将TYPE=MyISAM更改为ENGINE=MyISAM

[root@localhost extman]# vim docs/extmail.sql 
:% s/TYPE/ENGINE/g

导入还会报错:

[root@localhost extman]# mysql -uroot < docs/extmail.sql 
ERROR 1364 (HY000) at line 31: Field 'ssl_cipher' doesn't have a default value

修改my.cnf配置文件

[root@localhost extman]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
#sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES   //将这行注视掉，重启mysql，这里需要注意的是，等数据库导入成功后，这项是不可以去掉注释的，不然mysql就启动不起来了。

再次导入数据库

mysql -uroot < docs/extmail.sql
mysql -uroot < docs/init.sql

5、创建数据库用户extmail并授予权限

mysql> GRANT ALL ON extmail.* to extmail@'localhost' identified by 'extmail'; //只允许本地登录

刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

6、复制四-4提到的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/extsuite/extman/docs/
[root@localhost docs]# cp mysql_virtual_* /etc/postfix/

为extman创建临时目录

[root@localhost extman]# mkdir /tmp/extman
[root@localhost extman]# chown -R postfix.postfix /tmp/extman/

7、启动postfix、dovecot、saslauthd

七、测试

1、测试虚拟用户

[root@localhost courier-authlib-0.66.2]# /usr/local/courier-authlib/sbin/authtest -s login [email protected] extmail
Authentication succeeded.               //显示这个表示成功，测试时使用的是[email protected]，因为我们导入的数据库init.sql里面自带了这个。
Authenticated: [email protected]  (uid 2525, gid 2525)
Home Directory: /var/mailbox/extmail.org/postmaster  //这里需要注意/var/mailbox这个目录现在我们还没有创建，后面web访问的时候如果没有会报错,所以提前创建。
                    Maildir: /var/mailbox/extmail.org/postmaster/Maildir/
                    Quota: (none)
            Encrypted Password: $1$phz1mRrj$3ok6BjeaoJYWDBsEPZb5C0
                Cleartext Password: extmail
                    Options: (none)

创建 目录

[root@localhost courier-authlib-0.66.2]# mkdir /var/mailbox
[root@localhost courier-authlib-0.66.2]# chown -R postfix.postfix /var/mailbox/

不创建的话会报错

2、测试smtp发信

[root@localhost ~]# printf   "[email protected]" | openssl base64
cG9zdG1hc3RlckBleHRtYWlsLm9yZw==
[root@localhost ~]#  printf   "extmail" | openssl base64
ZXh0bWFpbA==
[root@localhost ~]# telnet localhost 25
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mail.daen.com ESMTP Postfix
auth login
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
cG9zdG1hc3RlckBleHRtYWlsLm9yZw==
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
ZXh0bWFpbA==
235 2.7.0 Authentication successful     //成功
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.

3.启动cmdserver

[root@localhost ~]# /var/www/extsuite/extman/daemon/cmdserver -v -d 
loaded ok

不启动会出现 Connection refused

八、配置Apache

1、编辑httpd.conf文件

vim httpd.conf       //直接在末尾添加
NameVirtualHost *.80
Include conf/vhost_extmail.conf

2、编辑 vhost_extmail.conf

# VirtualHost for ExtMail Solution
  
  ServerName mail.extmail.org
  DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/

  ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi/ /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi/
  Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/

  ScriptAlias /extman/cgi/ /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi/
  Alias /extman /var/www/extsuite/extman/html/

  # Suexec config
  SuexecUserGroup vuser vgroup
  

3.启动 Apache

systemctl start httpd

访问 http://ip

extman的登录账户为[email protected]密码为extmail123，首次使用需要先添加域，添加之后再修改域，改为可自由注册，再注册用户就可以登录发邮件了