Vue源码阅读(一)

vue简介和初始化过程

vue的源码结构如下


src
├── compiler        # 编译相关 
├── core            # 核心代码 
├── platforms       # 不同平台的支持
├── server          # 服务端渲染
├── sfc             # .vue 文件解析
├── shared          # 共享代码

Vue对象

在使用vue时我们知道都是使用new Vue(),来将vue的实例挂载到dom对象上从而运用数据驱动的方式来扩展我们的代码,我们首先来看一下Vue的定义
从源头上看来自core目录下的instance的index.js文件

function Vue (options) {
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    !(this instanceof Vue)
  ) {
    warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')
  }
  this._init(options)
}

initMixin(Vue)
stateMixin(Vue)
eventsMixin(Vue)
lifecycleMixin(Vue)
renderMixin(Vue)

在js中一切皆函数,其实Vue就是一个函数,在初始化的时候执行原型链上的_init方法,vue没有把所有的方法都写在函数内部,这样从代码上来说,每次实例化的时候不会生成重复的代码
主要还是代码结构更清晰,利用mixin的概念,把每个模块都抽离开,这样代码在结构和扩展性都有很大提高,这里的每个mixin先不说,先看以一下整体结构,这里定义完还要被core里的index.js再次包装调用initGlobalAPI(Vue)来初始化全局的api方法,在web下runtime文件夹下引用再次封装,vue是分为运行时可编译和只运行的版本,所以如果需要编译,在Vue原型上添加了$mount方法,先来看一下initGlobalAPI,在instance中都是在原型链上扩展方法,在这里是直接在Vue上扩展静态方法

function initGlobalAPI (Vue: GlobalAPI) {
  // config
  const configDef = {}
  configDef.get = () => config
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    configDef.set = () => {
      warn(
        'Do not replace the Vue.config object, set individual fields instead.'
      )
    }
  }
  Object.defineProperty(Vue, 'config', configDef)

  // exposed util methods.
  // NOTE: these are not considered part of the public API - avoid relying on
  // them unless you are aware of the risk.
  Vue.util = {
    warn,
    extend,
    mergeOptions,
    defineReactive
  }

  Vue.set = set
  Vue.delete = del
  Vue.nextTick = nextTick

  // 2.6 explicit observable API
  Vue.observable = (obj: T): T => {
    observe(obj)
    return obj
  }

  Vue.options = Object.create(null)
  ASSET_TYPES.forEach(type => {
    Vue.options[type + 's'] = Object.create(null)
  })

  // this is used to identify the "base" constructor to extend all plain-object
  // components with in Weex's multi-instance scenarios.
  Vue.options._base = Vue

  extend(Vue.options.components, builtInComponents)

  initUse(Vue)
  initMixin(Vue)
  initExtend(Vue)
  initAssetRegisters(Vue)
}

数据双向绑定

我们在使用vue时看一个最简单的例子


{{msg}}
var root = new Vue({ el: '#root', data: { msg: 'hello' } })

我们可以看到这样简单的几行就可以将数据绑定到dom对象上,那内部做了什么呢,先来看一下前面说的,在实例化会调用原型链上的_init方法

Vue.prototype._init = function (options?: Object) {
  const vm: Component = this
  // a uid
  vm._uid = uid++

  let startTag, endTag
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
    startTag = `vue-perf-start:${vm._uid}`
    endTag = `vue-perf-end:${vm._uid}`
    mark(startTag)
  }

  // a flag to avoid this being observed
  vm._isVue = true
  // merge options
  if (options && options._isComponent) {
    // optimize internal component instantiation
    // since dynamic options merging is pretty slow, and none of the
    // internal component options needs special treatment.
    initInternalComponent(vm, options)
  } else {
    vm.$options = mergeOptions(
      resolveConstructorOptions(vm.constructor),
      options || {},
      vm
    )
  }
  /* istanbul ignore else */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    initProxy(vm)
  } else {
    vm._renderProxy = vm
  }
  // expose real self
  vm._self = vm
  initLifecycle(vm)
  initEvents(vm)
  initRender(vm)
  callHook(vm, 'beforeCreate')
  initInjections(vm) // resolve injections before data/props
  initState(vm)
  initProvide(vm) // resolve provide after data/props
  callHook(vm, 'created')

  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
    vm._name = formatComponentName(vm, false)
    mark(endTag)
    measure(`vue ${vm._name} init`, startTag, endTag)
  }

  if (vm.$options.el) {
    vm.$mount(vm.$options.el)
  }
}

这个方法包括合并配置,初始化生命周期,时间,渲染,data,props等,最后判断有没有传入的el执行$mount方法挂载到dom对象上
看一下compile版本的mount方法,先将之前定义的mount的方法缓存后边使用,判断有没有render方法,vue也可以写类似react的render函数,
如果没有的话,判断有没有模版字符串,获取模版字符串,或者直接获取html字符串使用compileToFunctions编译模版,编译好了之后主要是为了生成
render方法,无论使用单文件组件还是模版方法还是之前demo中的方法都必须经过render方法,最后执行之前缓存的mount方法,这个方法是在runtime的index.js中定义的
这个实际上就是在执行生命周期中的mount周期,mountComponent方法,我删除了一下在dev环境的处理,这不影响逻辑,可以看出mount方法主要就是定义了一个Watcher来相应组件的变化
执行了初始化的一些生命周期,render方法主要就是用来根据模版字符串来生成虚拟dom元素,类似react的jsx编译成ReactElmemnt的,可以看出两个库从设计的基础架构还是很像的

var mount = Vue.prototype.$mount; // 缓存mount方法
Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el,
  hydrating
) {
  el = el && query(el);

  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (el === document.body || el === document.documentElement) {
    warn(
      "Do not mount Vue to  or  - mount to normal elements instead."
    );
    return this
  }

  var options = this.$options;
  // resolve template/el and convert to render function
  if (!options.render) { // 如果没有render方法
    var template = options.template;
    if (template) { // 如果存在template模版文件
      if (typeof template === 'string') {
        if (template.charAt(0) === '#') {
          template = idToTemplate(template);
          /* istanbul ignore if */
          if (!template) {
            warn(
              ("Template element not found or is empty: " + (options.template)),
              this
            );
          }
        }
      } else if (template.nodeType) {
        template = template.innerHTML;
      } else {
        {
          warn('invalid template option:' + template, this);
        }
        return this
      }
    } else if (el) { //存在el直接获取当前dom下的html字符串模版
      template = getOuterHTML(el);
    }
    if (template) {
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile');
      }

      var ref = compileToFunctions(template, {// 编译模版
        outputSourceRange: "development" !== 'production',
        shouldDecodeNewlines: shouldDecodeNewlines,
        shouldDecodeNewlinesForHref: shouldDecodeNewlinesForHref,
        delimiters: options.delimiters,
        comments: options.comments
      }, this);
      var render = ref.render;
      var staticRenderFns = ref.staticRenderFns;
      options.render = render;
      options.staticRenderFns = staticRenderFns;

      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (config.performance && mark) {
        mark('compile end');
        measure(("vue " + (this._name) + " compile"), 'compile', 'compile end');
      }
    }
  }
  return mount.call(this, el, hydrating) // 最后执行原先定义的mount方法
};
function mountComponent (
  vm: Component,
  el: ?Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  vm.$el = el
  if (!vm.$options.render) {
    vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode // 创建一个空的vnode节点
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
    }
  }
  callHook(vm, 'beforeMount') // 执行生命周期方法

  let updateComponent
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
  } else {
    updateComponent = () => {
      vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating) // 执行原型链上的_update方法,_render()生成虚拟dom,进行虚拟dom的比较
    }
  }
  new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, {
    before () {
      if (vm._isMounted && !vm._isDestroyed) {
        callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
      }
    }
  }, true /* isRenderWatcher */)
  hydrating = false

  // manually mounted instance, call mounted on self
  // mounted is called for render-created child components in its inserted hook
  if (vm.$vnode == null) {
    vm._isMounted = true
    callHook(vm, 'mounted')
  }
  return vm
}

vue的虚拟dom

vue虚拟dom的实现借鉴了snabbdom,增加了一些vue特有的属性,我们一起来看一下vdom下的vnode.js文件
下边是vnode的数据结构,可以看出相比snabbdom增加了很多,并且提供了一些创建vnode元素的方法

class VNode {
  tag: string | void;
  data: VNodeData | void;
  children: ?Array;
  text: string | void;
  elm: Node | void;
  ns: string | void;
  context: Component | void; // rendered in this component's scope
  key: string | number | void;
  componentOptions: VNodeComponentOptions | void;
  componentInstance: Component | void; // component instance
  parent: VNode | void; // component placeholder node

  // strictly internal
  raw: boolean; // contains raw HTML? (server only)
  isStatic: boolean; // hoisted static node
  isRootInsert: boolean; // necessary for enter transition check
  isComment: boolean; // empty comment placeholder?
  isCloned: boolean; // is a cloned node?
  isOnce: boolean; // is a v-once node?
  asyncFactory: Function | void; // async component factory function
  asyncMeta: Object | void;
  isAsyncPlaceholder: boolean;
  ssrContext: Object | void;
  fnContext: Component | void; // real context vm for functional nodes
  fnOptions: ?ComponentOptions; // for SSR caching
  devtoolsMeta: ?Object; // used to store functional render context for devtools
  fnScopeId: ?string; // functional scope id support
}

来看一看是怎么通过render生成vdom的,实际上是通过_createElement生成的可以看到,先对传入的一些参数进行一些校验,对chilren进行规范化使其是vnode的数组
然后根据tag进行判断,是原生标签直接生成vnode,已注册的组件通过component生成vnode,返回vnode

function _createElement (
  context: Component,
  tag?: string | Class | Function | Object,
  data?: VNodeData,
  children?: any,
  normalizationType?: number
): VNode | Array {
  if (isDef(data) && isDef((data: any).__ob__)) {
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
      `Avoid using observed data object as vnode data: ${JSON.stringify(data)}\n` +
      'Always create fresh vnode data objects in each render!',
      context
    )
    return createEmptyVNode()
  }
  // object syntax in v-bind
  if (isDef(data) && isDef(data.is)) {
    tag = data.is
  }
  if (!tag) {
    // in case of component :is set to falsy value
    return createEmptyVNode()
  }
  // warn against non-primitive key
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    isDef(data) && isDef(data.key) && !isPrimitive(data.key)
  ) {
    if (!__WEEX__ || !('@binding' in data.key)) {
      warn(
        'Avoid using non-primitive value as key, ' +
        'use string/number value instead.',
        context
      )
    }
  }
  // support single function children as default scoped slot
  if (Array.isArray(children) &&
    typeof children[0] === 'function'
  ) {
    data = data || {}
    data.scopedSlots = { default: children[0] }
    children.length = 0
  }
  if (normalizationType === ALWAYS_NORMALIZE) { // 把children格式化成vnode数组
    children = normalizeChildren(children)
  } else if (normalizationType === SIMPLE_NORMALIZE) {
    children = simpleNormalizeChildren(children)
  }
  let vnode, ns
  if (typeof tag === 'string') {
    let Ctor
    ns = (context.$vnode && context.$vnode.ns) || config.getTagNamespace(tag)
    if (config.isReservedTag(tag)) { // 判断是不是一些内置的div,span原生标签
      // platform built-in elements
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && isDef(data) && isDef(data.nativeOn)) {
        warn(
          `The .native modifier for v-on is only valid on components but it was used on <${tag}>.`,
          context
        )
      }
      vnode = new VNode(
        config.parsePlatformTagName(tag), data, children,
        undefined, undefined, context
      )
    } else if ((!data || !data.pre) && isDef(Ctor = resolveAsset(context.$options, 'components', tag))) { // 判断是不是已经注册的组件标签
      // component
      vnode = createComponent(Ctor, data, context, children, tag)
    } else {
      // unknown or unlisted namespaced elements
      // check at runtime because it may get assigned a namespace when its
      // parent normalizes children
      vnode = new VNode(
        tag, data, children,
        undefined, undefined, context
      )
    }
  } else {
    // direct component options / constructor
    vnode = createComponent(tag, data, context, children)
  }
  if (Array.isArray(vnode)) {
    return vnode
  } else if (isDef(vnode)) {
    if (isDef(ns)) applyNS(vnode, ns)
    if (isDef(data)) registerDeepBindings(data)
    return vnode
  } else {
    return createEmptyVNode()
  }
}

看到vnode的生成过程再来看看update这个方法在初次渲染和数据更新会执行,并对dom进行操作,这里比较重要的是patch方法,
我们通过源码最终能找到这个代码是在web下runtime目录index.js下,由于不同平台实现不一样,在浏览器中是在vdom中的patch.js中createPatchFunction,我们在snabbdom中的patch也是根据依赖的hook生成的,在vue中也是基本的思路,在runtime中传入依赖的一些模块传入的两个参数,最终返回一个patch方法,这个放会根据新旧vnode进行diff算法,简单来说就是第一次生成直接创建新的元素,如果新旧的key,tag,isComment相等就执行patchVnode来更新dom和vnode,否则就删除old创建新的到old的位置,这和react的diff算法思想基本一致,只不过实现不一样最后return真实的dom

Vue.prototype._update = function (vnode: VNode, hydrating?: boolean) {
  const vm: Component = this
  const prevEl = vm.$el // 真实dom
  const prevVnode = vm._vnode
  const restoreActiveInstance = setActiveInstance(vm) // 生成还原vm的方法
  vm._vnode = vnode
  // Vue.prototype.__patch__ is injected in entry points
  // based on the rendering backend used.
  if (!prevVnode) { // 初始化
    // initial render
    vm.$el = vm.__patch__(vm.$el, vnode, hydrating, false /* removeOnly */)
  } else { // 数据更新时
    // updates
    vm.$el = vm.__patch__(prevVnode, vnode)
  }
  restoreActiveInstance()
  // update __vue__ reference
  if (prevEl) {
    prevEl.__vue__ = null
  }
  if (vm.$el) { // 更新真实dom上对虚拟dom的指向
    vm.$el.__vue__ = vm
  }
  // if parent is an HOC, update its $el as well
  if (vm.$vnode && vm.$parent && vm.$vnode === vm.$parent._vnode) {
    vm.$parent.$el = vm.$el
  }
  // updated hook is called by the scheduler to ensure that children are
  // updated in a parent's updated hook.
}
function createPatchFunction (backend) {
  let i, j
  const cbs = {}

  const { modules, nodeOps } = backend // 依赖的模块和dom操作api

  for (i = 0; i < hooks.length; ++i) { // 根据定义好的hooks将依赖中的方法添加到cbs中去方便在不同时期执行不同方法
    cbs[hooks[i]] = []
    for (j = 0; j < modules.length; ++j) {
      if (isDef(modules[j][hooks[i]])) {
        cbs[hooks[i]].push(modules[j][hooks[i]])
      }
    }
  }
  // ...省略
  return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) {
    if (isUndef(vnode)) {
      if (isDef(oldVnode)) invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
      return
    }

    let isInitialPatch = false
    const insertedVnodeQueue = []

    if (isUndef(oldVnode)) {
      // empty mount (likely as component), create new root element
      isInitialPatch = true
      createElm(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
    } else {
      const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
      if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
        // patch existing root node
        patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly)
      } else {
        if (isRealElement) {
          // mounting to a real element
          // check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform
          // a successful hydration.
          if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) {
            oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR)
            hydrating = true
          }
          if (isTrue(hydrating)) {
            if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) {
              invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true)
              return oldVnode
            } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
              warn(
                'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' +
                'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' +
                'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' +
                '

, or missing . Bailing hydration and performing ' + 'full client-side render.' ) } } // either not server-rendered, or hydration failed. // create an empty node and replace it oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode) } // replacing existing element const oldElm = oldVnode.elm const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm) // create new node createElm( vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, // extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a // leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition + // keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590) oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm, nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm) ) // update parent placeholder node element, recursively if (isDef(vnode.parent)) { let ancestor = vnode.parent const patchable = isPatchable(vnode) while (ancestor) { for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) { cbs.destroy[i](ancestor) } ancestor.elm = vnode.elm if (patchable) { for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) { cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor) } // #6513 // invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks. // e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook. const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert if (insert.merged) { // start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) { insert.fns[i]() } } } else { registerRef(ancestor) } ancestor = ancestor.parent } } // destroy old node if (isDef(parentElm)) { removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0) } else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) { invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode) } } } invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, isInitialPatch) return vnode.elm } }

最后盗一张图看一下整个流程

Vue源码阅读(一)_第1张图片
init流程图

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