mysql安装配置并修改root密码

因在学习Python用上mysql，所以就在电脑上安装啦。这里是mac的安装方式。本人也是刚接触，现把遇到的过程记录下来。如果发现有问题，请多多指教。。

mac电脑是不自带mysql的，所以首先就要去mysql官网下载。

下载好后一直下一步的安装，安装后的就会弹出一个提示框。这时不要关闭。先把提示的内容复制保存下来。提示框我没有截图不好意思了。只有复制的内容。

提示的内容里的粗斜的字体就是root的临时密码。等下要用来修改密码。

A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lg,qgs&t6jaI 

password If you lose this password, please consult the section How to Reset the Root Password in the MySQL reference manual.

手快不小心关了，不用怕，可以在电脑的右通知栏看到。

好，现在安装好MySQL了，那先配置环境变量path，不然还是不能用的。

看看自己电脑有没有  .bash_profile这个文件,有就打开他，这个文件是隐藏的。自己百度下显示隐藏文件。

.bash_profile在文件里不用动其它，就找个位置添加下面语句就OK了。

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

然后在终端里输入：（重新加载）

source ~/.bash_profile

或者是没有这个文件的就在终端输入：(执行root权限，当前用户的根目录下的.bash_profile)

sudo vim ~/.bash_profile

点击i 进行编辑模式然后输入：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

按ESC退出编辑模式，然后按住shift输入（保存退出）

:wq

最后在终端里输入：（重新加载）

source ~/.bash_profile

现在就可以打开mysql了，启动要输入电脑密码。

启动成功后会从红色的stopped变成绿色的running。

现在就在终端打开mysql了，输入：（会提示你输入mysql密码）

mysql -uroot -p 

这时的密码还应该是临时密码，所以就要登录后修改密码了。现在粘贴临时密码并回车就可以登录成功了。

临时密码在安装时有提示过的。

登录成功

接下来就是修改密码了。终端输入：

第一步（在用自己的密码来代替粗体字，怕忘就用password就行）：

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('your new password');

第二步：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

第三步：

flush privileges;

好了之后，就关闭终端后再打开来用新密码来登录mysql就行了。

现在的mysql就可以用了。但是数据库的默认编码没有支持中文。所以这里要修改下mysql的编码了。

在终端登录mysql后查看编码，输入：

show variables like '%char%';

这时会看到除了character_set_filesystem | binary 和 character_sets_dir| /usr/local/mysql-5.7.20-macos10.12-x86_64/share/charsets/外，value值并不是全部utf8。

这时重新打开终端输入：

cd /etc

创建my.cnf文件 ：

sudo vim my.cnf

点i进入编辑后，把下面的内容粘贴上去。

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.  #  # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays  # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with  # other programs (such as a web server)  #  # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  # locations which depend on the deployment platform.  # You can copy this option file to one of those  # locations. For information about these locations, see:  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html  #  # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  # with the "--help" option.  # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  [client] default-character-set=utf8 #password = your_password  port = 3306  socket = /tmp/mysql.sock  # Here follows entries for some specific programs  # The MySQL server  [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8 port = 3306  socket = /tmp/mysql.sock  skip-external-locking  key_buffer_size = 16M  max_allowed_packet = 1M  table_open_cache = 64  sort_buffer_size = 512K  net_buffer_length = 8K  read_buffer_size = 256K  read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M  character-set-server=utf8  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'  # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  #  #skip-networking # Replication Master Server (default)  # binary logging is required for replication  log-bin=mysql-bin # binary logging format - mixed recommended  binlog_format=mixed # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1  # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set  # but will not function as a master if omitted  server-id = 1 # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)  #  # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between  # two methods :  #  # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -  # the syntax is:  #  # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,  # MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;  #  # where you replace , , by quoted strings and  # by the master's port number (3306 by default).  #  # Example:  #  # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,  # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';  #  # OR  #  # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then  # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example  # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to  # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later  # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and  # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown  # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.  # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched  # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)  #  # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1  # (and different from the master)  # defaults to 2 if master-host is set  # but will not function as a slave if omitted  #server-id = 2  #  # The replication master for this slave - required  #master-host =   #  # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting  # to the master - required  #master-user =   #  # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to  # the master - required  #master-password =   #  # The port the master is listening on.  # optional - defaults to 3306  #master-port =   #  # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended  #log-bin=mysql-bin # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  #innodb_log_file_size = 5M  #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump]  quick  max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql]  no-auto-rehash  # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  #safe-updates  default-character-set=utf8 [myisamchk]  key_buffer_size = 20M  sort_buffer_size = 20M  read_buffer = 2M  write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy]  interactive-timeout

注意：看vim的第一行# 和内容有没有丢失。有的请补上。本人粘贴时就丢失了。

然后就是esc, 按shift+:qw 来个退出保存，关闭终端。

注意：mysql重启后再查看才会变化 。

在系统偏好设置那里把mysql重启下。再在终端里登录后输入查看：

show variables like '%char%';

如果查看的如果如下就成功了。

编码正确的

这时就做完全部配置啦。