记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
1 过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3个)
bring—brought—brought
buy— bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
3 过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4 把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
5 把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt— felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8 过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9 改变元音字母。(11个)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find— found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine— shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10 改变辅音字母。(1个)
make—made—made
11 改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)— had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
1 i—a—u变化。(6个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3
词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke— woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run— ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come become/became/become run/ran/run
(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
四、 过去式,过去分词相同:
(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met feed/fed/fed
(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt
(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought think/thought/thought
(5) 将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood
(6) 将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid pay/paid/paid say/said/said
(7) 将d改为t
lend/lent/lent send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent build/built/built
(8) 将i改为a , o, u等
sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dug win/won/won
(9) 将ell改为old
tell/told/told sell/sold/sold
(10) 词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:
learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted
(12) 其它
have(has)/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held get/got/got(AmE gotten)
find/found/found make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven rise/rose/risen eat/ate/eaten
give/gave/given fall/fell/fallen
(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken wake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/been do/did/done forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现find/found/found
found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去
(2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得
(3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke)
或wake/waked/waked 醒来
(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉
(5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖
(6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来
(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近:
(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解
know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识
(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得
become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得
go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
(4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过
pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
(5) say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论
记忆法三:
1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。
let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast,
cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut
(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)
2.元音字母的变化。
i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave,
sit→sat, sink→sank
i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose,
win→won,
(strive→strove arise→arose)
i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)
a→oo: take→took, shake→shook
e→o: get→got, forget→forgot
o→a: come→came, become→became
oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose
3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw,
fly→flew
4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold
(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid
(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept
(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought
(5) catch→caught, teach→taught
(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should
5.辅音字母变化。
(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent
(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard
(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt