View.post( ),大家肯定都用过,也就不陌生了。一般使用View.Post ( ) 的场景最常见的就是
1.子线程更UI,
2.获取View的宽高
那就让我们再带着问题去看看原因咯。
public boolean post(Runnable action) {
//判断 attachInfo 是否为空,而进行不同的操作
//那么其实就是要知道 mAttachInfo 是在哪里被赋值的?
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null) {
return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
}
// Postpone the runnable until we know on which thread it needs to run.
// Assume that the runnable will be successfully placed after attach.
getRunQueue().post(action);
return true;
}
mAttachInfo的赋值
我们会发现他两个被赋值的地方,分别为 dispatchAttachedToWindow,dispatchDetachedFromWindow
//dispatchAttachedToWindow:
void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
//这里赋值
mAttachInfo = info;
if (mOverlay != null) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
}
mWindowAttachCount++;
// We will need to evaluate the drawable state at least once.
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DRAWABLE_STATE_DIRTY;
if (mFloatingTreeObserver != null) {
info.mTreeObserver.merge(mFloatingTreeObserver);
mFloatingTreeObserver = null;
}
registerPendingFrameMetricsObservers();
if ((mPrivateFlags&PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER) != 0) {
mAttachInfo.mScrollContainers.add(this);
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER_ADDED;
}
// Transfer all pending runnables.
//缓存不为空的是时候去执行 缓存的 action
if (mRunQueue != null) {
mRunQueue.executeActions(info.mHandler);
mRunQueue = null;
}
performCollectViewAttributes(mAttachInfo, visibility);
//当对应的 Activity 被添加到 Window的时候调用,只调用一次
onAttachedToWindow();
// .......省略代码
//dispatchDetachedFromWindow:
void dispatchDetachedFromWindow() {
AttachInfo info = mAttachInfo;
if (info != null) {
int vis = info.mWindowVisibility;
if (vis != GONE) {
onWindowVisibilityChanged(GONE);
if (isShown()) {
// Invoking onVisibilityAggregated directly here since the subtree
// will also receive detached from window
onVisibilityAggregated(false);
}
}
}
onDetachedFromWindow();
onDetachedFromWindowInternal();
InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.peekInstance();
if (imm != null) {
imm.onViewDetachedFromWindow(this);
}
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
final CopyOnWriteArrayList listeners =
li != null ? li.mOnAttachStateChangeListeners : null;
if (listeners != null && listeners.size() > 0) {
// NOTE: because of the use of CopyOnWriteArrayList, we *must* use an iterator to
// perform the dispatching. The iterator is a safe guard against listeners that
// could mutate the list by calling the various add/remove methods. This prevents
// the array from being modified while we iterate it.
for (OnAttachStateChangeListener listener : listeners) {
listener.onViewDetachedFromWindow(this);
}
}
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER_ADDED) != 0) {
mAttachInfo.mScrollContainers.remove(this);
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_SCROLL_CONTAINER_ADDED;
}
//这里赋空值
mAttachInfo = null;
if (mOverlay != null) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDetachedFromWindow();
}
notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(false);
}
但是会发现,到这里的时候我们无法再追踪这两个方法在哪里被调用了,于是我们可以通过网上那些Android源码阅读的网站,或者自己有下载Android源码的来找一找看看 究竟在什么地方被调用的:
推荐一个:http://androidxref.com/
搜索 dispatchAttachedToWindow,可以发现如下:
可以发现,在 ViewGroup 和 ViewRootImpl 均有被调用,那么我们就去看看。
ViewGroup
@Override
void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
mGroupFlags |= FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
// super.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility); 这句话就是说明他执行了父类的方法
//也就是我们一开始看到的 View 的dispatchAttachedToWindow()的方法。
super.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
final int count = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = children[i];
//这里又会把 mAttachInfo 作为参数传递进去,分别让自己的子类去执行 dispatchAttachedToWindow () 方法,
//让自己的子类 分别给 mAttachInfo 赋值。
child.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
combineVisibility(visibility, child.getVisibility()));
}
final int transientCount = mTransientIndices == null ? 0 : mTransientIndices.size();
for (int i = 0; i < transientCount; ++i) {
View view = mTransientViews.get(i);
view.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
combineVisibility(visibility, view.getVisibility()));
}
}
/*但是这样一来我们还是不知道 mAttachInfo 是在那里被赋值的发,只是知道 ViewGroup 会去执行 View 类和掉用子 View 的 dispatchAttachedToWindow () 方法。
方法。*/
继续看看 ViewGroup 里面还有什么地方调用了:
addViewInner()方法是 viewGroup addView( )内部都会调用的一个方法
private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params,
boolean preventRequestLayout) {
if (mTransition != null) {
// Don't prevent other add transitions from completing, but cancel remove
// transitions to let them complete the process before we add to the container
mTransition.cancel(LayoutTransition.DISAPPEARING);
}
//判断View是否被添加
if (child.getParent() != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The specified child already has a parent. " +
"You must call removeView() on the child's parent first.");
}
if (mTransition != null) {
mTransition.addChild(this, child);
}
if (!checkLayoutParams(params)) {
params = generateLayoutParams(params);
}
if (preventRequestLayout) {
child.mLayoutParams = params;
} else {
child.setLayoutParams(params);
}
if (index < 0) {
index = mChildrenCount;
}
//添加到 ViewGroup
addInArray(child, index);
// tell our children
if (preventRequestLayout) {
child.assignParent(this);
} else {
child.mParent = this;
}
final boolean childHasFocus = child.hasFocus();
if (childHasFocus) {
requestChildFocus(child, child.findFocus());
}
//这里判断 mAttachInfo 的对象是否为空,如果不为空就把 mAttachInfo 作为参数调用子类的 dispatchAttachedToWindow ( ),那么
//还是回到了 View 的 dispatchAttachedToWindow (),我们还是不知道 mAttachInfo 再哪里给赋值的.
AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
if (ai != null && (mGroupFlags & FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW) == 0) {
boolean lastKeepOn = ai.mKeepScreenOn;
ai.mKeepScreenOn = false;
child.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, (mViewFlags&VISIBILITY_MASK));
if (ai.mKeepScreenOn) {
needGlobalAttributesUpdate(true);
}
ai.mKeepScreenOn = lastKeepOn;
}
.......省略
既然ViewGroup没有,那么我们就去看看 ViewRootImpl。
ViewRootImpl
我们在 ViewRootImpl 的 performTraversals(),发现了dispatchAttachedToWindow()被调用,而 performTraversals() 作用就是遍历整个View树,并且按照要求进行measure,layout和draw流程。
private void performTraversals() {
// cache mView since it is used so much below...
final View host = mView;
//判断是不是第一次
if (mFirst) {
.....
//这里调用了 dispatchAttachedToWindow,并且把 mAttachInfo 给子view
host.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, 0);
mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnWindowAttachedChange(true);
dispatchApplyInsets(host);
//Log.i(mTag, "Screen on initialized: " + attachInfo.mKeepScreenOn);
.....
}
mFirst=false
...
// Execute enqueued actions on every traversal in case a detached view enqueued an action
getRunQueue().executeActions(mAttachInfo.mHandler);
...
performMeasure();
...
performLayout();
...
performDraw();
...
上面的代码,等下我们再回来看,我们先找找在 ViewRootImpl 里面 mAttachInfo 是在哪被赋值的
...
final View.AttachInfo mAttachInfo;
...
// mAttachInfo 就是在这里被赋值了,其中在多个参数之中,我们发现了 mHandler。
mAttachInfo = new View.AttachInfo(mWindowSession, mWindow, display, this, mHandler, this,
context);
//继续看看 mHandler 是在哪被初始化的。
final ViewRootHandler mHandler = new ViewRootHandler();
/*
通过这句代码我们就可以知道。这里 new 的时候是无参构造函数,那默认绑定的就是当前线程的 Looper,而这句 new 代码是在主线程中执行的,所以这个 Handler 绑定的也就是主线程的 Looper
*/
再结合:getRunQueue().executeActions(mAttachInfo.mHandler);
public void executeActions(Handler handler) {
synchronized (this) {
final HandlerAction[] actions = mActions;
for (int i = 0, count = mCount; i < count; i++) {
final HandlerAction handlerAction = actions[i];
handler.postDelayed(handlerAction.action, handlerAction.delay);
}
mActions = null;
mCount = 0;
}
}
为什么能更新UI:
总结回顾一下:
我们知道了 mAttachInfo 是在 ViewRootImpl 初始化的,再结合刚说等下回去看的 performTraversals 的方法,可以知道ViewRootImpl 会调用子view的 dispatchAttachedToWindow。我们还可以知道为什么 View.post(Runnable),可以更新UI了,因为这些 Runnable 操作都通过 ViewRootImpl 的 mHandler 切到主线程来执行了。
为什么能获取宽高
那么我们再次回到 一开始的的地方,我们知道 View 里面的 mAttachInfo 是在 View 的 dispatchAttachedToWindow 被赋值,那么 dispatchAttachedToWindow()是在什么时候执行的呢?我们上面分析的是在哪调用了他,和 mAttachInfo的初始化,细心的朋友,会发现在View的 dispatchAttachedToWindow() 有 onAttachedToWindow();,那么我们就可简单写个测试。
class TestView : TextView {
constructor(context: Context) : super(context) {}
constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) : super(context, attrs) {}
constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?, defStyleAttr: Int) : super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) {}
override fun onAttachedToWindow() {
Log.e("TAG---AttachedToWindow", "onAttachedToWindow");
super.onAttachedToWindow();
}
}
//MainActivity :
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
Log.e("TAG---没有Post", "mButton width : " + tv_test.getMeasuredWidth() + " - height : " + tv_test.getMeasuredHeight());
tv_test.post {
Log.e("TAG---Post", "mButton width : " + tv_test.getMeasuredWidth() + " - height : " + tv_test.getMeasuredHeight());
}
}
}
//结果:
07-29 17:17:24.201 31814-31814/? E/TAG---没有Post: mButton width : 0 - height : 0
07-29 17:17:24.261 31814-31814/? E/TAG---AttachedToWindow: onAttachedToWindow
07-29 17:17:24.351 31814-31814/? E/TAG---Post: mButton width : 84 - height : 57
那么结果就出来了,在 onCreate 中获取宽高,AttachedToWindow ( ) 是还没执行的,那就说明一开始的时候 mAttachInfo 是为空值的,那么我们再看开头的第一段代码:
public boolean post(Runnable action) {
// mAttachInfo 为空
final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
if (attachInfo != null) {
return attachInfo.mHandler.post(action);
}
// Postpone the runnable until we know on which thread it needs to run.
// Assume that the runnable will be successfully placed after attach.
getRunQueue().post(action);
return true;
}
那么他就会执行: getRunQueue().post(action);
public class HandlerActionQueue {
private HandlerAction[] mActions;
private int mCount;
public void post(Runnable action) {
postDelayed(action, 0);
}
public void postDelayed(Runnable action, long delayMillis) {
final HandlerAction handlerAction = new HandlerAction(action, delayMillis);
synchronized (this) {
if (mActions == null) {
mActions = new HandlerAction[4];
}
mActions = GrowingArrayUtils.append(mActions, mCount, handlerAction);
mCount++;
}
}
我们post()传进来的 Runnable 会先经过 HandlerAction 包装一下,然后再缓存起来。HandlerActionQueue 是通过一个默认大小为4的数组保存这些 Runnable 操作的,如果数组不够时,就会通过 GrowingArrayUtils 来扩充数组。那么既然是被缓存起来的,那么他是什么时候执行呢?我又会发现 他执行的方法还是在 dispatchAttachedToWindow 里面:
dispatchAttachedToWindow :
//缓存不为空的是时候去执行 缓存的 action
if (mRunQueue != null) {
mRunQueue.executeActions(info.mHandler);
mRunQueue = null;
}
executeActions:
public void executeActions(Handler handler) {
synchronized (this) {
final HandlerAction[] actions = mActions;
for (int i = 0, count = mCount; i < count; i++) {
final HandlerAction handlerAction = actions[i];
handler.postDelayed(handlerAction.action, handlerAction.delay);
}
mActions = null;
mCount = 0;
}
}
既然我们知道了 post()传进来的 Runnable 会在 dispatchAttachedToWindow 执行,结合我们上面的分析,我们就可以知道,post 的操作是要经过 ViewRootImpl 的 performTraversals(),而它的作用就是遍历整个View树,并且按照要求进行measure,layout和draw流程。但是仔细看看代码,我们会发现:
private void performTraversals() {
// cache mView since it is used so much below...
final View host = mView;
//判断是不是第一次
if (mFirst) {
.....
//这里调用了 dispatchAttachedToWindow,明显是在 performMeasure 之前,
//为什么在测量之前调用还能得到宽高呢?
host.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, 0);
mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnWindowAttachedChange(true);
dispatchApplyInsets(host);
//Log.i(mTag, "Screen on initialized: " + attachInfo.mKeepScreenOn);
.....
}
mFirst=false
...
// Execute enqueued actions on every traversal in case a detached view enqueued an action
getRunQueue().executeActions(mAttachInfo.mHandler);
...
performMeasure();
...
performLayout();
...
performDraw();
...
那么 为什么明明测量 performMeasure(); 的是在 dispatchAttachedToWindow 之后执行,但是我们却能得到测量后的宽高?请看下面的代码:
final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// doTraversal 这里执行
doTraversal();
}
}
final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
void doTraversal() {
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = false;
//向Looper中移除了Barrier(监控器),同步的消息可以执行
mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
if (mProfile) {
Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
}
//performTraversals() 在这里被执行
performTraversals();
if (mProfile) {
Debug.stopMethodTracing();
mProfile = false;
}
}
}
mTraversalBarrier 是什么东东?
为了让View能够有快速的布局和绘制,android中定义了一个Barrier的概念,当View在绘制和布局时会向Looper中添加了Barrier(监控器),这样后续的消息队列中的同步的消息将不会被执行,以免会影响到UI绘制,但是只有异步消息才能被执行。 所谓的异步消息也只是体现在这,添加了Barrier后,消息还可以继续被执行,不会被推迟运行。 如何使用异步消息,只有在创建Handler(构造方法的参数上标识是否异步消息)的时候或者在发送Message(Mesasge#setAsynchronous(true))时进行设置。而异步消息应用层是无法设置,因为相关设置的方法均是Hide的。
那就是什么意思呢?
首先,我们搞清楚 mTraversalScheduled 这个对象是在哪被赋值。
void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
//这里
mTraversalScheduled = true;
//向Looper中添加了Barrier(监控器),这样后续的消息队列中的同步的消息将不会被执行,
//以免会影响到UI绘制,但是只有异步消息才能被执行
//设置同步障碍,确保mTraversalRunnable优先被执行
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
//这里又调用了 mTraversalRunnable,执行异步
mChoreographer.postCallback(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
}
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
}
}
void unscheduleTraversals() {
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
//这里
mTraversalScheduled = false;
//向Looper中移除了Barrier(监控器),同步的消息可以执行
mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
//这里又调用了 mTraversalRunnable。
mChoreographer.removeCallbacks(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
}
}
scheduleTraversals ( ) 方法是在 requestLayout( )被调用的, requestLayout( )是什么?额,这里就不解释了,不然又要写一大堆,哈哈。只要知道 第一次调用requestLayout( ) 就是引起整个 View 的绘制流程
@Override
public void requestLayout() {
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
// 检查当前线程
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
// 调用绘制
scheduleTraversals();
那么就是 scheduleTraversals( )——》TraversalRunnable ( )——》doTraversal( )——》performTraversals( ),而且 doTraversal ( )中向Looper中移除了Barrier(监控器),同步的消息可以执行,
经查阅资料发现,跟Android系统的消息机制有关系(猜测更上面的同步机制有关),performTraversals会先执行dispatchAttachedToWindow,这个时候会将任务post到主线程的MessageQueue等待执行,然后performTraversals方法会继续执行,完全执行完后,Looper再去消费下一个Message,这个时候才有可能会拿到post的Runnable,因此Runnabel操作实际是在performMeasure操作后才执行的,宽高自然就取到了。