一、Nginx介绍

    Nginx是由俄罗斯软件工程师Igor Sysoev开发的一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，具备IMAP/POP3和SMTP服务器功能，Nginx最大的特点是对高并发的支持和高效的 负载均衡，在高并发的需求场景下，是Apache服务器不错的替代品。目前，包括新浪、腾讯等知名网站都已使用Nginx作为Web应用服务器。下面我简 单介绍一下：

    nginx是一个高性能的Web和反向代理服务器，它具有很多非常优越的特性；

    作为Web服务器；相比较与Apache,Nginx使用更少的资源，支持更多的并发连接，体现更高的效率，这点使Nginx尤为受到虚拟主机提供商的欢迎，能够支持高达50000个并发的连接数的响应。

    作为负载均衡服务器器：Nginx既可以在内部直接支持Rails和PHP,也可以支持作为HTTP代理服务器对外惊醒服务，Nginx用C语言编写，不论是系统资源开销还是CPU使用效率都比Perlbal要好的多。

    作为邮件代理服务器，Nginx同时也是一个非常优秀的邮件代理服务器（最早开发这个产品的目的之一也是作为邮件代理服务器），Last.fm描述了成功并且美妙的使用经验。

    Nginx安装非常简单，配置文件非常简介（还能够支持perl语法），Bugs非常少的服务器：Nginx启动特别容易，并且几乎可以做到7*24不间断运行，即使运行数月也不需要重新启动。还能够在不间断服务的情况下进行软件版本平滑升级。

二、软件获得及帮助文档

    官方地址：http://nginx.org

    下载稳定版本：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz

    帮助文档：http://nginx.org/en/docs

    编译参数说明：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html

三、Nginx的功能

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1、Nginx的特性
    模块化设计、较好的扩展性
    高可靠性：一个master启动一或多个worker,每个worker响应多个请求
    低内存消耗：10000个keepalive连接在Nginx中仅消耗2.5MB内存（官方数据）
    支持热部署：不停机更新配置文件、更新日志文件、更新服务器程序版本
    
2、Nginx的基本功能
    静态web资源服务器，能够缓存打开的文件描述符
    支持http /imap/pop3/smtp 的反向代理；支持缓存、负载均衡
    支持fastcgi(fpm)
    模块化，非DSO机制，支持过滤器zip压缩，SSI以及图像大小调整
    支持SSL
    
3、Nginx的扩展功能
    基于名称和IP的虚拟主机
    支持keepalive的保持机制
    支持平滑升级
    定制访问日志，支持使用日志缓存区提高日志存储性能
    支持url rewrite
    支持路径别名（root或 alias 指定）
    支持基于IP以及用户的访问控制
    支持传输速率限制，并发限制
    
4、Nginx的基本架构
    一个master进程，生成一个或者多个worker进程，每个worker响应多个请求
    事件驱动：epoll,kqueue,poll, select ,rt signals
    支持sendfile,sendfile64
    支持AIO
    支持mmap
    
5、Nginx模块类型
    Nginx core module: nginx的核心模块
    Standard HTTP modules：nginx的标准模块
    Optional HTTP modules：nginx的可选模块
    Mail modules ：nginx的邮件模块
    3rd party modules：nginx的第三方模块
    
6、Nginx进程详解
 
    主进程主要完成如下工作：
        读取并验正配置信息；
        创建、绑定及关闭套接字；
        启动、终止及维护worker进程的个数；
        无须中止服务而重新配置工作特性；
        控制非中断式程序升级，启用新的二进制程序并在需要时回滚至老版本；
        重新打开日志文件，实现日志滚动；
        编译嵌入式perl脚本；
        worker进程主要完成的任务包括：
        接收、传入并处理来自客户端的连接；
        提供反向代理及过滤功能；
        nginx任何能完成的其它任务；
     
    cache loader进程主要完成的任务包括：
        检查缓存存储中的缓存对象；
        使用缓存元数据建立内存数据库；
     
    cache manager进程的主要任务：
        缓存的失效及过期检验；

四、Nginx安装配置

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1、安装依赖包（CentOS 6.7）
[root@mail soft] # yum -y groupinstall "Development tools,Server platform development,Desktop platform development"
[root@mail soft] # yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel
 
2、编译安装Nginx
[root@mail soft] # tar xf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz 
[root@mail soft] # cd nginx-1.8.0
[root@mail nginx-1.8.0] # groupadd -r nginx
[root@mail nginx-1.8.0] # useradd -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
[root@mail nginx-1.8.0] # ./configure \
    --prefix= /usr/local/nginx  \
    --sbin-path= /usr/sbin/nginx  \
    --conf-path= /etc/nginx/nginx .conf \
    --error-log-path= /var/log/nginx/error .log \
    --http-log-path= /var/log/nginx/access .log \
    --pid-path= /var/run/nginx/nginx .pid  \
    --lock-path= /var/lock/nginx .lock \
    --user=nginx \
    --group=nginx \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_flv_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-http_gzip_static_module \
    --http-client-body-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/client/  \
    --http-proxy-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/proxy/  \
    --http-fastcgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/  \
    --http-uwsgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi  \
    --http-scgi-temp-path= /var/tmp/nginx/scgi  \
    --with-pcre
  [root@mail nginx-1.8.0] # make && make install
      
  ##注意：编译后有些文件夹不会自动创建
 
[root@mail nginx-1.8.0] # mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/{client,proxy,fcgi,uwsgi,scgi}
mkdir : created directory ` /var/tmp/nginx '
mkdir : created directory ` /var/tmp/nginx/client '
mkdir : created directory ` /var/tmp/nginx/proxy '
mkdir : created directory ` /var/tmp/nginx/fcgi '
mkdir : created directory ` /var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi '
mkdir : created directory ` /var/tmp/nginx/scgi '
 
这里的二进制文件是直接指定在PATH环境变量里面的，所有可以直接使用，不用导出：
 
配置vim，使其编辑nginx配置文件时语法着色，默认没有
[root@mail nginx-1.8.0] # cd 
[root@mail ~] # mkdir .vim
[root@mail ~] # cp -ra /u01/soft/nginx-1.8.0/contrib/vim/* .vim
[root@mail ~] # ls .vim
ftdetect  indent  syntax
 
编写启动脚本：
[root@mail ~] # vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
.  /etc/rc .d /init .d /functions
# Source networking configuration.
.  /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[  "$NETWORKING"  =  "no"  ] &&  exit  0
nginx= "/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$( basename  $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE= "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
lockfile= /var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] ||  exit  5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] ||  exit  6
    echo  -n $ "Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval - eq  0 ] &&  touch  $lockfile
    return  $retval
}
stop() {
    echo  -n $ "Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval - eq  0 ] &&  rm  -f $lockfile
    return  $retval
}
restart() {
    configtest ||  return  $?
    stop
    start
}
reload() {
    configtest ||  return  $?
    echo  -n $ "Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
force_reload() {
    restart
}
configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
    status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
    rh_status > /dev/null  2>&1
}
case  "$1"  in
    start)
        rh_status_q &&  exit  0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q ||  exit  0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q ||  exit  7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q ||  exit  0
            ;;
    *)
        echo  $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-
reload|configtest}"
        exit  2
esac
 
[root@mail ~] # chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx   #添加可执行权限
[root@mail ~] # chkconfig --add nginx   #添加到服务列表
[root@mail ~] # chkconfig nginx on      #设置开机自启动
 
[root@mail ~] # service nginx start   #启动nginx
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@mail ~] # ss -tnl     #查看是否监听80端口
[root@mail ~] # ss -tnl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                Local Address:Port                  Peer Address:Port 
LISTEN      0      128                               *:80                               *:*     
LISTEN      0      128                              :::22                              :::*     
LISTEN      0      128                               *:22                               *:* 
##查看页面
[root@mail ~] # curl http://localhost
< head >
Welcome to nginx!<</code> <code class="bash plain">/title</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number164 index163 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><style></code> </div> <div class="line number165 index164 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">body {</code> </div> <div class="line number166 index165 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">width: 35em;</code> </div> <div class="line number167 index166 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">margin: 0 auto;</code> </div> <div class="line number168 index167 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;</code> </div> <div class="line number169 index168 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number170 index169 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><</code> <code class="bash plain">/style</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number171 index170 alt2"> <code class="bash plain"><</code> <code class="bash plain">/head</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number172 index171 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><body></code> </div> <div class="line number173 index172 alt2"> <code class="bash plain"><h1>Welcome to nginx!<</code> <code class="bash plain">/h1</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number174 index173 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and</code> </div> <div class="line number175 index174 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">working. Further configuration is required.<</code> <code class="bash plain">/p</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number176 index175 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number177 index176 alt2"> <code class="bash plain"><p>For online documentation and support please refer to</code> </div> <div class="line number178 index177 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><a href=</code> <code class="bash string">"http://nginx.org/"</code> <code class="bash plain">>nginx.org<</code> <code class="bash plain">/a</code> <code class="bash plain">>.<br/></code> </div> <div class="line number179 index178 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">Commercial support is available at</code> </div> <div class="line number180 index179 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><a href=</code> <code class="bash string">"http://nginx.com/"</code> <code class="bash plain">>nginx.com<</code> <code class="bash plain">/a</code> <code class="bash plain">>.<</code> <code class="bash plain">/p</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number181 index180 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number182 index181 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><p><em>Thank you </code> <code class="bash keyword">for</code>  <code class="bash plain">using nginx.<</code> <code class="bash plain">/em</code> <code class="bash plain">><</code> <code class="bash plain">/p</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number183 index182 alt2"> <code class="bash plain"><</code> <code class="bash plain">/body</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number184 index183 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><</code> <code class="bash plain">/html</code> <code class="bash plain">></code> </div> <div class="line number185 index184 alt2"> <code class="bash comments">#######################编译安装已经完成。</code> </div> <div class="line number186 index185 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number187 index186 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">配置文件介绍</code> </div> <div class="line number188 index187 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash plain">主要有两部分：分别是</code> </div> <div class="line number189 index188 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">main:主体部分</code> </div> <div class="line number190 index189 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">http{}:虚拟主机配置部分</code> </div> <div class="line number191 index190 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code>  </div> <div class="line number192 index191 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">配置指令主要以分号结尾；配置语法：directive value1 [value2 ....]</code> </div> <div class="line number193 index192 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">支持使用的变量</code> </div> <div class="line number194 index193 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">       </code> <code class="bash plain">模块内置的变量</code> </div> <div class="line number195 index194 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">       </code> <code class="bash plain">自定义变量：</code> <code class="bash functions">set</code>  <code class="bash plain">var_name value</code> </div> <div class="line number196 index195 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code>  </div> <div class="line number197 index196 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">主配置段的指令类别：</code> </div> <div class="line number198 index197 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash plain">用于调试和定位问题：</code> </div> <div class="line number199 index198 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(1)daemon [on|off]:  是否以守护进程的方式启动nginx；</code> </div> <div class="line number200 index199 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(2)master_press [on|off]:  是否以master</code> <code class="bash plain">/worker</code> <code class="bash plain">模型来运行nginx；</code> </div> <div class="line number201 index200 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(3)error_log </code> <code class="bash plain">/path/to/error_loglevel</code> <code class="bash plain">:  指明错误日志文件级别，处于调试目的，可以使用debug级别，但次级别只有在编译nginx时使用了--with-debug选项才有效 ；</code> </div> <div class="line number202 index201 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">       </code>  </div> <div class="line number203 index202 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash plain">正常运行必备的配置：</code> </div> <div class="line number204 index203 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(1)user USERNAME [GROUPNAME]：指定运行worker的用户和用户组；例如 user nginx nginx </code> </div> <div class="line number205 index204 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(2)pid </code> <code class="bash plain">/path/to/nginx</code> <code class="bash plain">.pid : 指定pid文件</code> </div> <div class="line number206 index205 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(3)worker_rlimit_nofile </code> <code class="bash comments"># : 指定一个worker进程能够打开的最大文件句柄数</code> </div> <div class="line number207 index206 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(4)worker_rlimit_sigpending </code> <code class="bash comments"># : 指定每个用户能够发往worker信号的数量</code> </div> <div class="line number208 index207 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">       </code>  </div> <div class="line number209 index208 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash plain">优化性能相关的配置：</code> </div> <div class="line number210 index209 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(1)worker_processes </code> <code class="bash comments"># :worker进程的个数，通常是cpu核心数减1</code> </div> <div class="line number211 index210 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(2)worker_cpu_affinity cpuumask :绑定worker进程至指定的CPU上</code> </div> <div class="line number212 index211 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(3)timer-resolution t :时间解析度，在x86服务器上可以不用配置</code> </div> <div class="line number213 index212 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(4)worker_priority NICE ：调整</code> <code class="bash functions">nice</code> <code class="bash plain">值（-20,19）；</code> <code class="bash functions">nice</code> <code class="bash plain">值越大，越优先分配cpu</code> </div> <div class="line number214 index213 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">       </code>  </div> <div class="line number215 index214 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash plain">事件相关的配置；</code> </div> <div class="line number216 index215 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(1)accept_mutex [on|off] ：内部调动用户请求至各worker时的负载均衡锁；启用时表示能够让多个worker轮流的、序列化的响应请求</code> </div> <div class="line number217 index216 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(2)lock_file </code> <code class="bash plain">/path/to/lock_file</code>  <code class="bash plain">:指定锁文件</code> </div> <div class="line number218 index217 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(3)accept_mutex_delay </code> <code class="bash comments">#ms: 取得负载均衡锁的时间</code> </div> <div class="line number219 index218 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(4)use [epoll|poll|</code> <code class="bash functions">select</code> <code class="bash plain">|rgsig]:定义使用的事件模型，建议让nginx自动选择</code> </div> <div class="line number220 index219 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">(5)worker_connections </code> <code class="bash comments">#:每个worker进程所能够响应的最大并发请求数</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>五、Nginx的一些基本功能实现</p> <table style="width:716px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="gutter"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1 </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2 </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3 </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4 </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5 </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6 </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7 </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8 </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9 </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10 </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11 </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12 </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13 </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14 </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15 </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16 </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17 </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18 </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19 </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20 </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21 </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22 </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23 </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24 </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25 </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26 </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27 </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28 </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29 </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30 </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31 </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32 </div></td> <td class="code"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">1、基于用户认证：</code> </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">(1)、修改配置文件</code> </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  localhost;</code> </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#charset koi8-r;</code> </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;</code> </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">root   html;</code> </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">index  index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">auth_basic </code> <code class="bash string">"www.bjwf125.com"</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">auth_basic_user_file </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/</code> <code class="bash plain">.</code> <code class="bash functions">passwd</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code> <code class="bash plain">｝</code> </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">（2）、创建文档根目录以及使用httpd-tools中的htpasswd工具创建用户</code> </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># mkdir -pv /www/html</code> </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">: created directory `</code> <code class="bash plain">/www</code> <code class="bash plain">'</code> </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">: created directory `</code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html</code> <code class="bash plain">'</code> </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># echo "Welcome to bjwf125" > /www/html/index.html</code> </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># yum -y install httpd-tools</code> </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># htpasswd -c -m /www/html/.passwd centos    #创建centos用户</code> </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">New password:                                    </code> <code class="bash comments">#输入密码</code> </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">Re-</code> <code class="bash functions">type</code>  <code class="bash plain">new password:                            </code> <code class="bash comments">#再次输入</code> </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">Adding password </code> <code class="bash keyword">for</code>  <code class="bash plain">user centos</code> </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">（3）、重新载入配置文件</code> </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># nginx -t    #检查Nginx语法</code> </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">nginx: the configuration </code> <code class="bash functions">file</code>  <code class="bash plain">/etc/nginx/nginx</code> <code class="bash plain">.conf syntax is ok</code> </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">nginx: configuration </code> <code class="bash functions">file</code>  <code class="bash plain">/etc/nginx/nginx</code> <code class="bash plain">.conf </code> <code class="bash functions">test</code>  <code class="bash plain">is successful</code> </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># service nginx reload     #重新载入</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/32acc215b44245e5a8a20dc797b58fda.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/32acc215b44245e5a8a20dc797b58fda.jpg" title="QQ图片20160113094920.png" alt="Nginx基本使用方法及各模块基本功能_第1张图片" width="650" height="470" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="gutter"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1 </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2 </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3 </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4 </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5 </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6 </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7 </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8 </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9 </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10 </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11 </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12 </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13 </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14 </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15 </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16 </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17 </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18 </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19 </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20 </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21 </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22 </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23 </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24 </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25 </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26 </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27 </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28 </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29 </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30 </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31 </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32 </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33 </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34 </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35 </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36 </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37 </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38 </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39 </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40 </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41 </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42 </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43 </div></td> <td class="code"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">2、基于IP认证</code> </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  localhost;</code> </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#charset koi8-r;</code> </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;</code> </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">root   html;</code> </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">index  index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">deny 192.168.9.0</code> <code class="bash plain">/24</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">allow all;</code> </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code> <code class="bash plain">｝</code> </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code> <code class="bash plain">3、基于</code> <code class="bash functions">gzip</code> <code class="bash plain">压缩</code> </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  localhost;</code> </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#charset koi8-r;</code> </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;</code> </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">root   </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">index  index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash functions">gzip</code>  <code class="bash plain">on;</code> </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">gzip_http_version 1.0;</code> </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">gzip_min_length 1000;</code> </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;</code> </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">gzip_types text</code> <code class="bash plain">/plain</code>  <code class="bash plain">application</code> <code class="bash plain">/xml</code>  <code class="bash plain">text</code> <code class="bash plain">/css</code>  <code class="bash plain">application</code> <code class="bash plain">/x-javascript</code>  <code class="bash plain">text</code> <code class="bash plain">/xml</code> </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">             </code> <code class="bash plain">application</code> <code class="bash plain">/xml</code> <code class="bash plain">+rss text</code> <code class="bash plain">/javascript</code>  <code class="bash plain">application</code> <code class="bash plain">/javascript</code>  <code class="bash plain">application</code> <code class="bash plain">/json</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">gzip_disable msie6 safari;</code> </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code> <code class="bash plain">｝</code> </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># nginx -t</code> </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># service nginx reload</code> </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># cp /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /www/html/zip.html</code> </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># ll /www/html/zip.html -h</code> </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 20K Jan 13 10:01 </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/zip</code> <code class="bash plain">.html</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/88e3fcd7167a466d85f2f796bd7c58fa.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/88e3fcd7167a466d85f2f796bd7c58fa.jpg" title="QQ图片20160113101552.png" alt="Nginx基本使用方法及各模块基本功能_第2张图片" width="650" height="424" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="gutter"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1 </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2 </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3 </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4 </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5 </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6 </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7 </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8 </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9 </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10 </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11 </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12 </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13 </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14 </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15 </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16 </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17 </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18 </div></td> <td class="code"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">4、定制响应头部</code> </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  localhost;</code> </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#charset koi8-r;</code> </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;</code> </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">root   </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">index  index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">expires 24h;</code> </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">add_header bjwf125 mymail;</code> </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">｝</code> </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># nginx -t</code> </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># service nginx reload</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="gutter"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1 </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2 </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3 </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4 </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5 </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6 </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7 </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8 </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9 </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10 </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11 </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12 </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13 </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14 </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15 </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16 </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17 </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18 </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19 </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20 </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21 </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22 </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23 </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24 </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25 </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26 </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27 </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28 </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29 </div></td> <td class="code"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">5、URL重定向</code> </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">语法格式：</code> </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">rewrite grgex replacement [flages]</code> </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">flages</code> </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">last:一旦被当前规则匹配并重写后立即停止检查其他后续的rewrite的规则，而后通过重写后的规则重写发起请求;</code> </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">bleak：一旦被当前规则匹配并重写后立即停止后续的其他rewrite的规则，而后由nginx进行后续操作；</code> </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">redirect：返回302临时重定向</code> </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">permanent：返回301永久重定向</code> </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">例如：</code> </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</code> </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  localhost;</code> </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#charset koi8-r;</code> </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash comments">#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;</code> </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">root   </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">index  index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">rewrite ^</code> <code class="bash plain">/admin/</code> <code class="bash plain">(.*)$ </code> <code class="bash plain">/web/</code> <code class="bash plain">$1;</code> </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash plain">｝</code> </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code>  </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># mkdir -pv /www/html/{admin,web}</code> </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># echo "mail.bjwf125.com" > /www/html/web/index.html</code> </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># nginx -t</code> </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># service nginx reload</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/73e2b539adcd473a8280afcf72a9e7f8.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/73e2b539adcd473a8280afcf72a9e7f8.jpg" title="QQ图片20160113103608.png" alt="Nginx基本使用方法及各模块基本功能_第3张图片" width="650" height="617" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="gutter"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1 </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2 </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3 </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4 </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5 </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6 </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7 </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8 </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9 </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10 </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11 </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12 </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13 </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14 </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15 </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16 </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17 </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18 </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19 </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20 </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21 </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22 </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23 </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24 </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25 </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26 </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27 </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28 </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29 </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30 </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31 </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32 </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33 </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34 </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35 </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36 </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37 </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38 </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39 </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40 </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41 </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42 </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43 </div> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> 44 </div> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> 45 </div> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> 46 </div> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> 47 </div> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> 48 </div> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> 49 </div> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> 50 </div> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> 51 </div> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> 52 </div> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> 53 </div> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> 54 </div> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> 55 </div> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> 56 </div> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> 57 </div> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> 58 </div> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> 59 </div> <div class="line number60 index59 alt1"> 60 </div> <div class="line number61 index60 alt2"> 61 </div> <div class="line number62 index61 alt1"> 62 </div> <div class="line number63 index62 alt2"> 63 </div> <div class="line number64 index63 alt1"> 64 </div> <div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> 65 </div> <div class="line number66 index65 alt1"> 66 </div> <div class="line number67 index66 alt2"> 67 </div> <div class="line number68 index67 alt1"> 68 </div> <div class="line number69 index68 alt2"> 69 </div> <div class="line number70 index69 alt1"> 70 </div></td> <td class="code"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">6、虚拟主机</code> </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</code> </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="bash comments">#注释掉http{}段中的预定义server{}段中的所有内容；</code> </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">在文件末尾｝前一行添加一条：</code> </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">include conf.d</code> <code class="bash plain">/nginx-vhost</code> <code class="bash plain">.conf;</code> </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="bash comments">#方便后面定义，根据个人习惯而已，也可以直接在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf中配置</code> </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/nginx-vhost.conf </code> </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  www.a.com;</code> </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code>  </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">root    </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/a</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">index   index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code>  </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  www.b.com;</code> </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code>  </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">root    </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/b</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">index   index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># mkdir /www/html/{a,b} -pv</code> </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">: created directory `</code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/a</code> <code class="bash plain">'</code> </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="bash functions">mkdir</code> <code class="bash plain">: created directory `</code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/b</code> <code class="bash plain">'</code> </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># echo "www.a.com" > /www/html/a/index.html</code> </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># echo "www.b.com" > /www/html/b/index.html</code> </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/hosts</code> </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">192.168.9.9     www.a.com</code> </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">192.168.9.9     www.b.com</code> </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># service nginx reload</code> </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># curl http://www.a.com</code> </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">www.a.com</code> </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># curl http://www.b.com</code> </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">www.b.com</code> </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> <code class="bash comments">###虚拟主机最简单的方式已经配置完成，但是虚拟主机里面还有很多参数。</code> </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">7、防盗链</code> </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">（1）、定义合规的引用</code> </div> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">valid_referers none | blocked | server_names | string ...;</code> </div> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces"> </code> <code class="bash plain">(2)、拒绝不合规的引用</code> </div> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">         </code> <code class="bash keyword">if</code>  <code class="bash plain">($invalid referer) {</code> </div> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">rewrite ^/ http:</code> <code class="bash plain">//www</code> <code class="bash plain">.b.com</code> <code class="bash plain">/403</code> <code class="bash plain">.html;</code> </div> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">         </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash comments">##具体示例如下：</code> </div> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">  </code> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail conf.d]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim nginx-vhost.conf</code> </div> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  www.b.com;</code> </div> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code>  </div> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">root    </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/b</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">index   index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">valid_referers none blocked www.b.com *.b.com；</code> </div> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash keyword">if</code>  <code class="bash plain">($invalid_referer) {</code> </div> <div class="line number60 index59 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">rewrite ^/ http:</code> <code class="bash plain">//www</code> <code class="bash plain">.b.com</code> <code class="bash plain">/403</code> <code class="bash plain">.html;</code> </div> <div class="line number61 index60 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number62 index61 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">      </code> <code class="bash plain">｝</code> </div> <div class="line number63 index62 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">} </code> </div> <div class="line number64 index63 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code>  </div> <div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail conf.d]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim /www/html/a/index.html</code> </div> <div class="line number66 index65 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">www.a.com</code> </div> <div class="line number67 index66 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain"><img src=</code> <code class="bash string">"http://www.b.com/p_w_picpaths/1.jpg"</code> <code class="bash plain">>   </code> <code class="bash comments">#在a.com中引用</code> </div> <div class="line number68 index67 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail conf.d]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim /www/html/b/index.html</code> </div> <div class="line number69 index68 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">www.b.com</code> </div> <div class="line number70 index69 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain"><img src=</code> <code class="bash string">"http://www.b.com/p_w_picpaths/1.jpg"</code> <code class="bash plain">>   </code> <code class="bash comments">#b.com自己引用</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>测试结果：</p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/6fc762522312486e8a53ef6d1886c911.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/6fc762522312486e8a53ef6d1886c911.jpg" title="222.png" alt="Nginx基本使用方法及各模块基本功能_第4张图片" width="650" height="420" style="border:1px solid black;"></a><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/4cf9115c4477498bafff10079675eca7.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/4cf9115c4477498bafff10079675eca7.jpg" title="111.png" alt="Nginx基本使用方法及各模块基本功能_第5张图片" width="650" height="529" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <table style="width:716px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="gutter"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1 </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2 </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3 </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4 </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5 </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6 </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7 </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8 </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9 </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10 </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11 </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12 </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13 </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14 </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15 </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16 </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17 </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18 </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19 </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20 </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21 </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22 </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23 </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24 </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25 </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26 </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27 </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28 </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29 </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30 </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31 </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32 </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33 </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34 </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35 </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36 </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37 </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38 </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39 </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40 </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41 </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42 </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43 </div> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> 44 </div> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> 45 </div> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> 46 </div> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> 47 </div> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> 48 </div> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> 49 </div> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> 50 </div> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> 51 </div> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> 52 </div> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> 53 </div> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> 54 </div> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> 55 </div> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> 56 </div> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> 57 </div> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> 58 </div> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> 59 </div> <div class="line number60 index59 alt1"> 60 </div> <div class="line number61 index60 alt2"> 61 </div> <div class="line number62 index61 alt1"> 62 </div> <div class="line number63 index62 alt2"> 63 </div> <div class="line number64 index63 alt1"> 64 </div> <div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> 65 </div> <div class="line number66 index65 alt1"> 66 </div></td> <td class="code"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">8、Nginx的反向代理</code> </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">Nginx可以通过proxy模块实现反向代理功能，在作为web反向代理服务器时，Nginx复制接收客户端请求，并能够根据URL、客户端参数或者其它的处理逻辑将用户请求调度至上游服务器上（upstream server)。</code> </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">Nginx在实现反向代理功能时最重要的指令为proxy_pass，它能够将location中定义的某URI代理至指定的上游服务器（组）上。如下面的示例中，location的URI将被替换为上游服务器上的newURI。</code> </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="bash comments">### 例如：</code> </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail conf.d]</code> <code class="bash comments"># vim nginx-vhost.conf </code> </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">listen       80;</code> </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name  www.a.com;</code> </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">add_header X-Via $server_addr;</code> </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">root    </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/a</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">index   index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">location = </code> <code class="bash plain">/node2</code>  <code class="bash plain">{</code> </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code> <code class="bash plain">//192</code> <code class="bash plain">.168.9.11/;</code> </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="bash comments">##上游服务器必须要配置相应服务及页面</code> </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail conf.d]</code> <code class="bash comments"># service nginx reload</code> </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail conf.d]</code> <code class="bash comments"># curl  www.a.com</code> </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="bash plain"><img src=</code> <code class="bash string">"http://www.b.net/p_w_picpaths/1.jpg"</code> <code class="bash plain">> </code> </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail conf.d]</code> <code class="bash comments"># curl http://www.a.com/node1</code> </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">node1.bjwf125.com</code> </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1">   </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">（1）、缓存：Nginx作为反向代理时，能够将上游服务器的响应缓存至本地，并在后续的客户端请求同样的内容时直接从本地构造响应报文。具体参数如下：</code> </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache zone|off：定义一个用于缓存的共享内存区域，其可被多个地方调用；</code> </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_path:定义一个保存缓存响应报文的目录，及一个保存缓存对象的键及响应元数据的共享内存区域（keys_zone=name:size），其可选参数有：</code> </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">levels：每级子目录名称的长度，有效值为1或2，每级之间使用冒号分隔，最多为3级；</code> </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">inactive：非活动缓存项从缓存中剔除之前的最大缓存时长；</code> </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">max_size：缓存空间大小的上限，当需要缓存的对象超出此空间限定时，缓存管理器将基于LRU算法对其进行清理；</code> </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">loader_files:缓存加载器（cache_loader）的每次工作过程使用为多少个文件加载元数据；</code> </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">loader_sleep:缓存加载器的每次迭代工作之后的睡眠时长；</code> </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">loader_threashold：缓存加载器的最大睡眠时长；</code> </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_valid [ code ... ] </code> <code class="bash functions">time</code> <code class="bash plain">:用于为不同的响应设定不同时长的有效缓存时长，例如： </code> </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">          </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_valid 200  302  10m;</code> </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_methods [GET HEAD POST]：为哪些请求方法启用缓存功能；</code> </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_bypass string：设定在哪种情形下，nginx将不从缓存中取数据。</code> </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">示例：</code> </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> <code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</code> </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">http {</code> </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">include       mime.types;</code> </div> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">default_type  application</code> <code class="bash plain">/octet-stream</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_path </code> <code class="bash plain">/data/nginx/cache</code>  <code class="bash plain">levels=1:2 keys_zone=STATIC:10m inactive=24h max_size=1g;</code> </div> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen 80;</code> </div> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name node1;</code> </div> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">add_header X-Via $server_addr;</code> </div> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">                </code> <code class="bash plain">root </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/b</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">                </code> <code class="bash plain">index index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number53 index52 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code> <code class="bash plain">//192</code> <code class="bash plain">.168.9.11;</code> </div> <div class="line number54 index53 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_set_header Host $host;</code> </div> <div class="line number55 index54 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache STATIC;</code> </div> <div class="line number56 index55 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;</code> </div> <div class="line number57 index56 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_valid 301 302 10m;</code> </div> <div class="line number58 index57 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_valid any 1m;</code> </div> <div class="line number59 index58 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;</code> </div> <div class="line number60 index59 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number61 index60 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">} </code> </div> <div class="line number62 index61 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">｝   </code> </div> <div class="line number63 index62 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number64 index63 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># mkdir -pv /data/nginx/cache</code> </div> <div class="line number65 index64 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># nginx -t</code> </div> <div class="line number66 index65 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail nginx]</code> <code class="bash comments"># service nginx reload</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br></p> <p>缓存前请求时间</p> <p><br></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/2d9ef60131c44a519d0a7f5489ed756b.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/2d9ef60131c44a519d0a7f5489ed756b.jpg" title="1.png" alt="Nginx基本使用方法及各模块基本功能_第6张图片" width="650" height="617" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p><br></p> <p>缓存后请求时间</p> <p><br></p> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/34b7399861e54ed2b74e4d9d2b910fb6.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info3/34b7399861e54ed2b74e4d9d2b910fb6.jpg" title="2.png" alt="Nginx基本使用方法及各模块基本功能_第7张图片" width="650" height="617" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="gutter"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> 1 </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> 2 </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> 3 </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> 4 </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2"> 5 </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> 6 </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> 7 </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> 8 </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> 9 </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> 10 </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> 11 </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> 12 </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> 13 </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> 14 </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> 15 </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> 16 </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> 17 </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> 18 </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> 19 </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> 20 </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> 21 </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> 22 </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> 23 </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> 24 </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> 25 </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> 26 </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> 27 </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> 28 </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> 29 </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> 30 </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> 31 </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> 32 </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> 33 </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> 34 </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> 35 </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> 36 </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> 37 </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> 38 </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> 39 </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> 40 </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> 41 </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> 42 </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> 43 </div> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> 44 </div> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> 45 </div> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> 46 </div> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> 47 </div> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> 48 </div> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> 49 </div> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> 50 </div> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2"> 51 </div> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> 52 </div></td> <td class="code"> <div class="line number1 index0 alt2"> <code class="bash comments">####主要文件太小，效果不是太明显，有强迫症的同学可以自己测试。</code> </div> <div class="line number2 index1 alt1"> <code class="bash comments">##此时可以查看缓存目录是否有文件生成</code> </div> <div class="line number3 index2 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># ll /data/nginx/cache/</code> </div> <div class="line number4 index3 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">drwx------ 3 nginx nginx 4096 Jan 13 14:32 1</code> </div> <div class="line number5 index4 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number6 index5 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">（2）、负载均衡：Nginx可以利用自身的upstream模块实现，upstream模块的负载均衡算法主要有三种，轮调（round-robin)、ip哈希（ip_hash)和最少连接（least_conn）三种。</code> </div> <div class="line number7 index6 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">upstream模块常用的指令有：</code> </div> <div class="line number8 index7 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">ip_hash：基于客户端IP地址完成请求的分发，它可以保证来自于同一个客户端的请求始终被转发至同一个upstream服务器；</code> </div> <div class="line number9 index8 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">keepalive:每个worker进程为发送到upstream服务器的连接所缓存的个数；</code> </div> <div class="line number10 index9 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">least_conn：最少连接调度算法；</code> </div> <div class="line number11 index10 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server：定义一个upstream服务器的地址，还可包括一系列可选参数，如；</code> </div> <div class="line number12 index11 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">weight：权重；</code> </div> <div class="line number13 index12 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">max_fails:最大失败的连接次数，失败连接的超时时长由fail_timeout指定；</code> </div> <div class="line number14 index13 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">fail_timeout：等待请求的目录服务器发送响应的时长；</code> </div> <div class="line number15 index14 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">backup：用于fallback的目的，所有服务均故障时才启动此服务器；</code> </div> <div class="line number16 index15 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">            </code> <code class="bash plain">down:手动标记其不再处理任何请求；</code> </div> <div class="line number17 index16 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">示例：</code> </div> <div class="line number18 index17 alt1"> <code class="bash comments"># vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf</code> </div> <div class="line number19 index18 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">http {</code> </div> <div class="line number20 index19 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">upstream web {</code> </div> <div class="line number21 index20 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server 192.168.9.11:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;</code> </div> <div class="line number22 index21 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server 192.168.9.13:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=10s;</code> </div> <div class="line number23 index22 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;</code> </div> <div class="line number24 index23 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number25 index24 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">    </code> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number26 index25 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen 80;</code> </div> <div class="line number27 index26 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name www.c.net;</code> </div> <div class="line number28 index27 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">add_header X-Via $server_addr;</code> </div> <div class="line number29 index28 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number30 index29 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">                </code> <code class="bash plain">root </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/b</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number31 index30 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">                </code> <code class="bash plain">index index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number32 index31 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">proxy_pass http:</code> <code class="bash plain">//web</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number33 index32 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number34 index33 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number35 index34 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">server {</code> </div> <div class="line number36 index35 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">listen 8080;</code> </div> <div class="line number37 index36 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">server_name 127.0.0.1;</code> </div> <div class="line number38 index37 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">location / {</code> </div> <div class="line number39 index38 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">                </code> <code class="bash plain">root </code> <code class="bash plain">/www/html/b</code> <code class="bash plain">;</code> </div> <div class="line number40 index39 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">                </code> <code class="bash plain">index index.html index.htm;</code> </div> <div class="line number41 index40 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">        </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number42 index41 alt1"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code> <code class="bash plain">}</code> </div> <div class="line number43 index42 alt2"> <code class="bash spaces">   </code>  </div> <div class="line number44 index43 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># curl http://www.c.net</code> </div> <div class="line number45 index44 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">192.168.9.11</code> </div> <div class="line number46 index45 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># curl http://www.c.net</code> </div> <div class="line number47 index46 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">192.168.9.13 </code> </div> <div class="line number48 index47 alt1"> <code class="bash comments">##停掉上游两台服务器后：</code> </div> <div class="line number49 index48 alt2"> <code class="bash plain">[root@mail ~]</code> <code class="bash comments"># curl http://www.c.net</code> </div> <div class="line number50 index49 alt1"> <code class="bash plain">Sorry</code> </div> <div class="line number51 index50 alt2">   </div> <div class="line number52 index51 alt1"> <code class="bash comments">#####Nginx的基本功能基本完成</code> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The end</p> 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