CSS3 Media Queries在iPhone4和iPad上的运用
CSS3 Media Queries的介绍在W3CPlus上的介绍已有好几篇文章了，但自己碰到的问题与解决的文章还是相对的较少。前几天在《修复iPhone上submit按钮bug》上介绍了修复form中sumit按钮的bug。同一个项目，为了实现iPhone和iPad横板与竖板的风格，让我还是头疼了一翻。
一开始按照CSS3 Media Queries模板中的介绍来运用，虽然帮我解决了iPad的横板与竖板的风格渲染问题，但在iPhone4上还是存在问题的。后来结过网上的查找，总算是问题解决了，下面就来看看问题是如何解决的。
在具体开始之前，先来看看他的源码：
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>login form</title>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
button,
input{
margin: 0;
font-size: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
*overflow: visible;
line-height: normal;
}
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
padding: 0;
border: 0;
}
button,
input[type="button"],
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
cursor: pointer;
-webkit-appearance: button;
}
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 58px 2% 2%;
background: -webkit-gradient(
linear,
left top,
left bottom,
color-stop(0%,rgba(61,157,179,1)),
color-stop(15%,rgba(61,157,179,0.3)),
color-stop(40%,rgba(61,157,179,.5)),
color-stop(70%,rgba(239,239,239,.4)),
color-stop(100%,rgba(239,239,239,0.3)));
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(
top,
rgba(61,157,179,1) 0%,
rgba(61,157,179,0.8) 15%,
rgba(61,157,179,.5) 40%,
rgba(239,239,239,.4) 70%,
rgba(239,239,239,0.3) 100%);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
}
form {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
form fieldset {
border: none;
border-radius: 10px;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.13);
background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0 0, 0 100%, from(rgba(255,255,255,0.8)), to(rgba(216,216,216,0.8)));
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,rgba(255,255,255,0.8), rgba(216,216,216,0.8));
background-repeat: repeat-x;
padding:20px 5%;
margin: 0;
position: relative;
border: 1px solid rgba(216,216,216,0.8);
}
.control-group {
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.control-label {
color: #405c60;
display:block;
line-height: 18px;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 16px;
display:inline-block;
min-width: 80px;
max-width: 80px;
text-align: right;
margin-top: 12px;
vertical-align: top;
}
.controls {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
width: 65%;
}
input {
outline: medium none;
}
input:not([type="checkbox"]){
width: 90%;
margin-top: 4px;
padding: 10px;
border: 1px solid rgb(178, 178, 178);
-webkit-appearance: textfield;
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box;
box-sizing : content-box;
border-radius: 3px;
box-shadow: 0px 1px 4px 0px rgba(168, 168, 168, 0.6) inset;
-webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear;
transition: all 0.2s linear;
}
input:not([type="checkbox"]):active,
input:not([type="checkbox"]):focus{
border: 1px solid rgba(91, 90, 90, 0.7);
background: rgba(238, 236, 240, 0.2);
box-shadow: 0px 1px 4px 0px rgba(168, 168, 168, 0.9) inset;
}
.form-actions {
text-align: center;
}
.form-actions input{
width: 30%;
cursor: pointer;
background: rgb(61, 157, 179);
padding: 8px 5px;
font-family: 'BebasNeueRegular','Arial Narrow',Arial,sans-serif;
color: #fff;
font-size: 24px;
margin: 5px;
border: 1px solid rgb(28, 108, 122);
margin-bottom: 10px;
text-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
border-radius: 3px;
box-shadow:0px 1px 6px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07) inset,
0px 0px 0px 3px rgb(254, 254, 254),
0px 5px 3px 3px rgb(210, 210, 210);
-webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear;
transition: all 0.2s linear;
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
.form-actions input:hover{
background: rgb(74, 179, 198);
}
.form-actions input:active,
.form-actions input:focus{
background: rgb(40, 137, 154);
position: relative;
top: 1px;
border: 1px solid rgb(12, 76, 87);
box-shadow: 0px 1px 6px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) inset;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form name="form1" method="post" action="2.html" onsubmit="return check()" class="form-horizontal">
<fieldset>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="text1" class="control-label">用户名：</label>
<div class="controls">
<input id="username_reg" type="text" name="text1" onblur="check()" required="required" />
<div class="help-inline" id="div1"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="text2" class="control-label">密码：</label>
<div class="controls">
<input id="password_reg" type="password" name="text2" onblur="check()" required="required">
<div class="help-inline" id="div2"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="text3" class="control-label">确认密码：</label>
<div class="controls">
<input id="confirm_reg" type="password" name="text3" onblur="check()" required="required" />
<div class="help-inline" id="div3"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-actions">
<input type="button" value="提交" name="tect6" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="reg()" />
<input type="reset" value="重置" name="text7" class="btn" />
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>
现在在iPhone4竖板是OK的，如下图所示
但现在需求是，在iPhone4的横板以及iPad的横板与竖板下，也需要让表单居中显示：
上图显示的是iPad竖板下的需求，横板下也需要类似的效果。
需求明确，做法也是有思路的，首先我按照：CSS3 Media Queries模板中的模板在样式中增加了代码：
/*iPad竖板*/
@media screen and (max-device-width: 768px) and (orientation: portrait) {
form {
margin: 0 25%;
}
}
/*iPad横板*/
@media screen and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (orientation: landscape) {
form {
margin: 0 25%;
}
}
/*iPhone4*/
@media only screen and (max-device-width: 480px),
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) {
form {
margin: 0 ;
}
.controls {
width: 68%;
}
}
加上上面代码后在iPad下是正常了，而且不会有什么问题存在。但在iPhone4上依然存在一个怪异的现象：当你iPhone4加载页面是用横板加载，再旋转到竖板，不会存在任何问题，而且显示也是蛮正常的。但是初始加载页面是竖板，然后在旋转到横板，就有问题了，表单给放大了
初步给我感觉就是放大了，但具体是不是因为这个原因，我也不太清楚，查找了一些资料，也尝试了无解决办法。最后也从横板竖板的思路出发查找资料，经过一试，给解决了，下面来看看这段代码：
/* iPhone 4 竖板 */
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait){
form {
margin:0;
}
.controls {
width: 68%;
}
}
/* iPhone 4 横板 */
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape){
form {
margin:0 10%;
}
.controls {
width: 68%;
}
}
这样一来就OK了。在iPhone4和iPad的横竖板下都能正常让表单居中显示。
那么以后大家在iPhone4和iPad设备上，就可以按照横竖板来定样式了：
1、iPhone4竖板
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait){
/*你的样式写在这里*/
}
2、iPhone横板
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape){
/*你的样式写在这里*/
}
3、iPad竖板
@media screen and (max-device-width: 768px) and (orientation: portrait) {
/*你的样式写在这里*/
}
4、iPad横板
@media screen and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (orientation: landscape) {
/*你样式写在这里*/
}
上面四种CSS3 Media Queries就是用来对付iPhone4和iPad的，至于其他的运用，大家参考下面我重新整理的CSS3 Media Queries模板：
CSS3 Media Queries 模板：
1、Smartphones (竖板和横板)
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="smartphones.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px)" />
2、Smartphones (横板)
@media only screen and (min-width : 321px) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="smartphones-landscape.css" media="only screen and (min-width : 321px)" />
3、Smartphones (竖板)
@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="smartphones-portrait.css" media="only screen and (max-width : 320px)" />
4、iPad(竖板和横板)
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="ipad.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px)" />
5、iPad横板
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="ipad-landscape.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : landscape)" />
6、iPad的竖板
@media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="ipad-portrait.css" media="only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px) and (orientation : portrait)" />
7、Desktops and laptops
@media only screen and (min-width : 1224px) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="desktops-and-laptops.css" media="only screen and (min-width : 1224px)" />
8、Large screens
@media only screen and (min-width : 1824px) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="large-screens.css" media="only screen and (min-width : 1824px)" />
9、iPone4
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) {
/* 你的样式写在这里 */
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="iphone4.css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5)" />
10、iPhone4竖板
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait){
/*你的样式写在这里*/
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="iphone4-portrait.css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait), only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:portrait)" />
11、iPhone4横板
@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape){
/*你的样式写在这里*/
}
//===或者====//
< link rel="stylesheet" href="iphone4-landscape.css" media="only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) and (orientation:landscape)" />
上面罗列了常用的CSS3 Media Queries模板，特别是在移动设备上的几种，希望对大家在今后的移动开发端上的运用有所帮助。当然CSS3 Media Queries的运用条件往往不只这些，大家完全可以根据自己的需求去定义不同的条件，但个人建议，使用CSS3 Media Queries采用主流就Ok了。随着潮流走嘛。那么今天就扯到这了。如果大家有更好的经验，可以通过下面的评论与我们一起分享。