任何自动化测试团队在开展自动化测试这项活动的之前,必须考虑的是这项活动的ROI,自动化测试的本职是解放人力,基于前边所述的常见情况不仅仅其ROI非常低,也违背了自动化的初衷
基于这个大背景下,常规的自动化测试活动必须引入PO模式,它是一种自动化测试的设计模式,也是一种解耦的思想即:以页面为单位,将页面中的控件及控件的动作逐一提炼,从而在测试脚本中可以直接使用,其最终目的是使得元素定位表达式 页面对象 测试代码三者分离
而分离后的测试代码,具有极高的可复用性、可读性,可维护性,可扩展性,而这像极了面向对象思想更像极了Java里Spring的MVC模式和Django的MTV模式
自动化测试一切的根源都来自于页面元素,简单的说自动化测试就是让页面上的控件自己完成它的活动,自动化测试代码要控制这些控件,就首先要获取这些控件的位置,这里讲的不是元素定位的那些方式,而是应该如何处理这些元素定位表达式使其达到分离的效果
在自动化测试工程中新建一个诸如MysqlService.properties的属性文件,当然这个文件最好是以页面为单位,每个页面独立分离,然后以控件名=定位方式>定位表达式
的形式定义页面每个控件
[MySQL数据库服务]
[MySQL数据库服务-列表]
paas.mysql.refreshbutton=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[5]/button
paas.mysql.createnewinstance=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[4]/button
paas.mysql.searchinstancenameinput=xpath>//*[@id="app"]/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[1]/label[1]/div/input
paas.mysql.searchinstancenamebutton=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[1]/label[2]/button
paas.mysql.searchspacename=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[2]/div/div[3]/label[2]/div/div[1]/input
paas.mysql.operation=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/section/div[1]/div[3]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[6]/div/div/span
paas.mysql.operationrestart=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[1]
paas.mysql.operationrelease=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[2]
paas.mysql.operationmanage=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[3]
paas.mysql.operationlog=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[4]
paas.mysql.operationmonitor=xpath>/html/body/ul/li[5]
paas.mysql.confirmrestart=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[2]
paas.mysql.cancelrestart=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[1]
paas.mysql.releaseconfirmbutton=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[2]
paas.mysql.releasecancelbutton=xpath>/html/body/div[1]/div/div[3]/button[1]
[MySQL数据库服务-创建]
paas.newinstance.instancename=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[2]/div/div[1]/input
paas.newinstance.description=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[10]/div/div/textarea
paas.newinstance.standard5.6=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[4]/div/div/label[1]/span
paas.newinstance.standard5.7=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[4]/div/div/label[2]/span
paas.newinstance.instancestandard=xpath>//*[@id='app']/section/section/main/div[3]/div/div[2]/main/form/div[5]/div/div/div[1]/input
paas.newinstance.1c1gb=xpath>/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/ul/li[1]
paas.newinstance.1c2gb=xpath>/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/ul/li[2]
paas.newinstance.2c8gb=xpath>/html/body/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/ul/li[3]
定义公共类方法,用于解析前面的页面元素,获取元素定位,并返回页面元素对象
/*
* @FileName GetElementUtil: this util is use for getting page element
* @author davieyang
* @create 2018-08-21 16:37
*/
package util;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class GetElementUtil {
private Properties properties;
/**
* 用于读取存储页面元素的属性文件
* @param propFile 属性文件的绝对路径,应定义为常量
*/
public GetElementUtil(String propFile){
properties = new Properties();
try{
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(propFile);
properties.load(in);
in.close();
}catch (IOException e){
System.out.println("读取对象文件出错");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param elementName 存储在属性文件中的元素名称"pass.spacemanagement.releasebutton"
* @return 根据传入的页面元素名获取元素,返回元素定位
* @throws Exception "输入的locator Type 未在程序中定义:" + locatorType
*/
public By getLocator(String elementName) throws Exception{
//根据变量ElementNameInproFile,从属性配置文件中读取对应的配置对象
String locator = properties.getProperty(elementName);
//将配置对象中的定位类型存到locatorType变量,将定位表达式的值存到locatorValue变量
String locatorType = locator.split(">")[0];
String locatorValue = locator.split(">")[1];
/**
* 配置文件均默认为ISO-8859-1编码存储,使用getBytes方法可以将字符串编码转换为UTF-8
* 以此来解决读取中文为乱码的问题
*/
locatorValue = new String(locatorValue.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
//输出locatorType变量值和locatorValue变量值,验证是否赋值正确
System.out.println("获取的定位类型:" + locatorType + "\t获取的定位表达式" + locatorValue);
//根据locatorType的变量值内容判断返回何种定位方式的By对象
if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("id"))
return By.id(locatorValue);
else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("name"))
return By.name(locatorValue);
else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("classname")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("class")))
return By.className(locatorValue);
else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("tagname")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("tag")))
return By.tagName(locatorValue);
else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("linktext")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("link")))
return By.linkText(locatorValue);
else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("partiallinktext"))
return By.partialLinkText(locatorValue);
else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("cssselector")||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("css")))
return By.cssSelector(locatorValue);
else if(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("xpath"))
return By.xpath(locatorValue);
else
throw new Exception("输入的locator Type 未在程序中定义:" + locatorType);
}
/**
*
* @param driver 浏览器驱动
* @param element 页面元素对象
*/
public static void highLightElement(WebDriver driver, WebElement element){
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
/*调用js将传入参数的页面元素对象的背景颜色和边框颜色分别设定为黄色和红色*/
js.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute('style', arguments[1]);", element, "background: yellow; border:2px solid red;");
}
}
通过公共类方法,读取页面元素定位信息,让后以页面控件为单位封装成可操作的对象
/*
* @FileName StoreManagement: 封装Mysql页面对象
* @outhor davieyang
* @create 2018-08-08 11:12
*/
package pageobject.resourcemanagement;
import util.GetElementUtil;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import static constants.Constants.MysqlService_Property;
import static util.GetElementUtil.highLightElement;
public class MySQLService {
private static WebElement element = null;
/**指定页面元素定位表达式配置文件的绝对路径
*
*/
private static GetElementUtil getElementUtil = new GetElementUtil(MysqlService_Property);
private WebDriver driver;
public MySQLService(WebDriver driver){
this.driver = driver;
}
/**返回MySQL数据库服务页面“刷新”按钮的页面元素对象
*
* @param driver 浏览器驱动
* @return
* @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
*/
public static WebElement refresh_Button(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
//调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.refreshbutton"));
highLightElement(driver, element);
return element;
}
/**返回MySQL数据库服务页面“创建实例”按钮的页面元素对象
*
* @param driver 浏览器驱动
* @return
* @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
*/
public static WebElement create_New_Instance_Button(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
//调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.createnewinstance"));
highLightElement(driver, element);
return element;
}
/**
*
* @param driver
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static WebElement search_Instance_Name_Input(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
//调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.searchinstancenameinput"));
highLightElement(driver, element);
return element;
}
/**返回MySQL数据库服务页面MySQL名称检索控件的页面元素对象
*
* @param driver 浏览器驱动
* @return
* @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
*/
public static WebElement search_Instance_Name_Button(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
//调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.searchinstancenamebutton"));
highLightElement(driver, element);
return element;
}
/**返回MySQL数据库服务页面运行空间检索控件页面元素对象
*
* @param driver 浏览器驱动
* @return
* @throws Exception 获取定位信息失败
*/
public static WebElement search_Space_Name(WebDriver driver) throws Exception{
//调用GetElementUtil中的getLocator方法获取配置文件中关于用户名的定位方式和定位表达式
element = driver.findElement(getElementUtil.getLocator("paas.mysql.searchspacename"));
highLightElement(driver, element);
return element;
}
}
结合Java中的自动化测试框架testNG完成简洁清晰的测试脚本
package testscript;
import org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
import util.KeyActionsUtil;
import static util.KeyActionsUtil.*;
import java.util.List;
import static appmodule.MysqlService.linkToMysqlPage;
import static util.KeyBoardUtil.pressTabKey;
import static util.LogUtil.info;
import static pageobject.resourcemanagement.MySQLService.*;
import static util.ScrollBarUtil.scrolltoBottom;
import static util.WaitElementUtil.sleep;
// @Listeners({util.TestReport.class})
public class Test_Mysql {
static {
DOMConfigurator.configure("log4j.xml");
}
@BeforeClass
public void setUp()throws Exception {
WebDriver driver = KeyActionsUtil.initBrowser("chrome");
linkToMysqlPage(driver, "yangdawei", "alex005x");
sleep(2000);
}
@Test(priority = 0, description = "测试创建mysql数据库服务1CPU2G")
public void test_CreateMysqlInstance() throws Exception {
create_New_Instance_Button(driver).click();
info("点击创建实例按钮...");
sleep(1000);
info("等待3秒...");
instance_Name_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("automationtest");
info("输入实例名:automationtesta");
sleep(1000);
info("等待3秒...");
//页面存在相同属性的元素,取所有放到list里,用序号操作
List<WebElement> radios = driver.findElements(By.className("el-radio-button__inner"));
radios.get(1).click();
sleep(1000);
info("选择数据库版本5.7...");
instance_Standard_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).click();
info("点击实例规格...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待2秒...");
one_Core_two_GB(driver).click();
info("选择1CPU2GB...");
storage_Space_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).clear();
info("清空存储空间字段...");
storage_Space_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("1");
info("输入1G....");
scrolltoBottom(driver);
sleep(2000);
pressTabKey();
outsideaccess_Checkbox_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).click();
info("选择外部链接...");
password_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("111111");
info("输入密码111111...");
repassword_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("111111");
info("确认密码111111...");
description_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys("automationtest");
info("描述信息输入automationtest");
sleep(2000);
submit_Button_in_Create_Instance_Dialog(driver).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);
info("确认创建...");
sleep(2000);
refresh_Button(driver).click();
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("automationtest"));
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("创建中"));
}
@Test(priority = 1, description = "重启mysql服务")
public void test_RestartMysqlInstance()throws Exception {
operation_Button(driver).click();
info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
operation_Restart_Button(driver).click();
info("点击下拉菜单中的重启按钮...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
restart_Confirm_Button(driver).click();
info("点击确定按钮...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("重启请求成功"));
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("重启中"));
}
@Test(priority = 2, description = "管理mysql服务页面")
public void test_Review_Basic_Mysql_Info()throws Exception{
operation_Button(driver).click();
info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
operation_Manage_Button(driver).click();
info("点击下拉菜单里的管理按钮...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待三秒");
assertString(driver,"基本信息");
}
@Test(priority = 3, description = "管理mysql服务页面")
public void test_Review_Mysql_Link()throws Exception{
database_Link_Tab(driver).click();
sleep(2000);
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("210.13.50.105"));
}
@Test(priority = 4,description = "查看Mysql日志")
public void test_ReviewLog()throws Exception{
operation_Button(driver).click();
info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
operation_Log_Button(driver).click();
info("点击下拉菜单中的日志按钮...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
extend_Button_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
info("点击展开按钮...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
datefrom_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
info("点击第一个日期空间,弹出下拉...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
datefrom_by_Date_in_Log_Page(driver).clear();
datefrom_by_Date_in_Log_Page(driver).sendKeys("2018-09-01");
info("输入日期”2018-09-01");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
datefrom_Sure_Button_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
info("点击确定按钮...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
search_Button_in_Log_Page(driver).click();
info("点击筛选按钮...");
sleep(2000);
info("等待3秒...");
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("Initializing database"));
}
@Test(priority = 5, description = "查看Mysql服务监控")
public void test_MonitorMysqlService()throws Exception{
operation_Button(driver).click();
info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
sleep(3000);
info("等待3秒...");
operation_Monitor_Button(driver).click();
info("点击下拉菜单里的监控按钮...");
sleep(3000);
info("等待3秒...");
}
@Test(priority = 6, description = "释放mysql服务")
public void test_ReleaseMysqlService()throws Exception{
operation_Button(driver).click();
info("点击列表里最后一列的...");
sleep(3000);
info("等待3秒...");
operation_Release_Button(driver).click();
info("点击下拉菜单里的释放按钮...");
sleep(3000);
info("等待3秒...");
release_Confirm_Button(driver).click();
info("点击确定按钮...");
sleep(3000);
info("等待3秒...");
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("操作成功"));
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("删除中"));
}
@AfterClass
public void afterMethod(){
driver.quit();
}
}