c#实现excel数据高效导入到sql数据库

 

本文实现在c#中可高效的将excel数据导入到sqlserver数据库中,很多人通过循环来拼接sql，这样做不但容易出错而且效率低下，最好的办法是使用bcp，也就是System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy 类来实现。不但速度快，而且代码简单，下面测试代码导入一个6万多条数据的sheet，包括读取（全部读取比较慢）在我的开发环境中只需要10秒左右，而真正的导入过程只需要4.5秒。（未验证）

using System;  
using System.Data;  
using System.Windows.Forms;  
using System.Data.OleDb;  
namespace WindowsApplication2  
{  
    public partial class Form1 : Form  
    {  
        public Form1()  
        {  
            InitializeComponent();  
        }  

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
        {  
            //测试，将excel中的sheet1导入到sqlserver中  
            string connString = "server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=sqlgis;database=master";  
            System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();  
            if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)  
            {  
                TransferData(fd.FileName, "sheet1", connString);  
            }  
        }  

        public void TransferData(string excelFile, string sheetName, string connectionString)  
        {  
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();  
            try
            {  
                //获取全部数据  
                string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + excelFile + ";" + "Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";  
                OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);  
                conn.Open();  
                string strExcel = "";  
                OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = null;  
                strExcel = string.Format("select * from [{0}$]", sheetName);  
                myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, strConn);  
                myCommand.Fill(ds, sheetName);  

                //如果目标表不存在则创建  
                string strSql = string.Format("if object_id('{0}') is null create table {0}(", sheetName);  
                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn c in ds.Tables[0].Columns)  
                {  
                    strSql += string.Format("[{0}] varchar(255),", c.ColumnName);  
                }  
                strSql = strSql.Trim(',') + ")";  

                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection sqlconn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString))  
                {  
                    sqlconn.Open();  
                    System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand command = sqlconn.CreateCommand();  
                    command.CommandText = strSql;  
                    command.ExecuteNonQuery();  
                    sqlconn.Close();  
                }  
                //用bcp导入数据  
                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bcp = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))  
                {  
                    bcp.SqlRowsCopied += new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(bcp_SqlRowsCopied);  
                    bcp.BatchSize = 100;//每次传输的行数  
                    bcp.NotifyAfter = 100;//进度提示的行数  
                    bcp.DestinationTableName = sheetName;//目标表  
                    bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);  
                }  
            }  
            catch (Exception ex)  
            {  
                System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);  
            }
        }  

        //进度显示  
        void bcp_SqlRowsCopied(object sender, System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs e)  
        {  
            this.Text = e.RowsCopied.ToString();  
            this.Update();  
        }
    }  
}  

上面的TransferData基本可以直接使用，如果要考虑周全的话，可以用oledb来获取excel的表结构，并且加入ColumnMappings来设置对照字段，这样效果就完全可以做到和sqlserver的dts相同的效果了。

来自: http://hi.baidu.com/xiaochun%5F2004/blog/item/585c7f4aefb22dfb82025ca9.html