#Earthquake Glossary# 关于地震的英文表达你知多少

据中国地震台网正式测定：08月08日21时19分在四川阿坝州九寨沟县（北纬33.20度，东经103.82度）发生7.0级地震，震源深度20千米。四川、重庆、甘肃、陕西等省市，震感明显。

祈福四川，愿逝者安息，生者坚强，

在大自然的面前，人类显得如此渺小，

但是相信大灾有大爱，永远不放弃对生活的热爱，对未来的希望。

今天我们来一起看看关于地震的一些英文表达：

Words and Expressions:

Foreshocks 前震

these are smaller earthquakes in the same area as the following larger earthquake. Until the larger earthquake hits scientists are unable to predict if they are foreshocks.

Aftershocks 余震

smaller earthquakes that occur after the main earthquake in the same place as the mainshock. Aftershocks are linked to the size of the mainshock and if this is large can continue for many weeks, months or years.

Mainshock 主震

the largest, main earthquake.

Magnitude 震级

a number that categorizes the amount of energy released during an earthquake.

Richter Scale 里氏震级

the magnitude of seismic energy released during an earthquake is measured by the Richter scale. A quake magnitude is determined by measuring the amplitude of the largest wave recorded on the seismogram. The larger the amplitude, the greater is the displacement of the recording pen and the greater the earthquake. (sensitivity of seismograph and distance of station from quake must be adjusted for in the calculation).

Seismicity 地震活动

the intensity, frequency, and distribution of earthquakes in a specific area.

Seismology 地震学

the branch of geology that studies earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the earth as well as their effects. The people who study earthquakes and seismic waves are called seismologists.

Seismograph 地震仪

a very sensitive instrument that can detect, measure and record ground vibrations and their intensities during an earthquake.

Lithosphere 地壳；岩石圈

The earth’s outer part that comprises the mantle and the crust and can be up to 100 kilometers in thickness.

Asthenosphere 软流圈

the asthenosphere is the ductile part of the Earth just below the lithosphere, which includes the lower mantle and is about 180km thick.

Epicenter 震中

the point on the Earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake, i.e. directly above the true centre of the seismic disturbance from which the shock waves of an earthquake seem to radiate. The epicentre usually registers the strongest shaking.

Plate tectonics 板块构造

plate tectonics are the science of the process where rigid plates move across hot molten material. It helps explain the formation of mountains and the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes.

Exercises:

Tremors that occur following the main earthquake are called what?

A. Aftershocks

B. Shakes

C. Vibrations

D. Oscillations

The largest earthquake in a series is termed the what?

A. The aftershock

B. The mainshock

C. The bigshock

D. The largeshock

The point from where the shock waves of an earthquake radiate is called what?

A. The epicentre

B. The geocentre

C. The corecentre

D. The maincentre

The term used to refer to the forces acting on the Earth triggering the movements of the crust is called what?

A. Seismic

B. Tectonic

C. Technic

D. Traumatic

A large sea wave produced by earthquakes occurring under the sea is known as what?

A. A tsunami

B. A hurricane

C. A cyclone

D. A tornado

The instrument used to measure and record the vibrations of earthquakes is called what?

A. A phonograph

B. A seismograph

C. An electrograph

D. A photograph

不知道聪明的你都做对了吗？欢迎留言告诉我你的答案