一、背景
最近做个项目,需要使用STM32,还是以前一样的观点,时钟就是MCU心脏,供血即时钟频率输出,想要弄明白一个MCU,时钟是一个非常好的切入点。言归正传,网上已经有太多大神详述过STM32的详细配置方法了,在此就简单介绍下STM32时钟系统,以及如何配置做个简单记录,方便以后的快速开发。
二、正文
废话不多说,上一张STM32F10xx的时钟树图:
由图可知,STM32F10XX有两级时钟
第一级时钟
* 高速内部时钟(HSI)
* 锁相环时钟(PLLCLK)
* 高速外部时钟(HSE)
第二级时钟
* 低速内部时钟(LSI)
* 低速外部时钟(LSE)
又由图可知,
* HSE由外部晶振从"OSC_OUT","OSC_IN"两脚输入提供。
* LSE由外部晶振从"OSC32_OUT","OSC32_IN"两脚输入提供。
* HSI由8MHZ高速内部RC震荡电路提供。
* LSI由40kHZ低速内部RC震荡电路提供。
STM32F10XX还可通过MCO脚向外提供时钟输出。时钟来源有PLLCLK/HSI/HSE/SYSCLK,由MCO选择器来选择。
研究过时钟来源,再来研究时钟的去向,MCU自身要能正常运作,即需要一个时钟,这个时钟既是系统时钟(SYSCLK),而基本上所有外设的时钟均来自于这个系统时钟(SYSCLk)。然后由系统时钟对外提供各种外设时钟。详见图。
当然,也有例外,USB时钟必须为48MHZ,这里的USB时钟(USBCLK)由PLLCLK直接提供,RTC时钟 (RTCCLK)也不是来源于系统时钟(SYSCLK),详见图。
时钟结构大体也就如此,不再深究,网上有许多更加深入的讲解,接下来说说如何去配置。用代码来说明问题:
先贴文件"system_stm32f10x.c",此文件即库文件。里面有一个很重要的函数"SystemInit()"
解析过STM32启动代码的朋友都应该知道,这个函数跑在进入main函数之前,里面做的事情即是配置系统时钟。代码如下:
void SystemInit (void) { /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state(for debug purpose) */ /* Set HSION bit */ RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001; /* Reset SW, HPRE, PPRE1, PPRE2, ADCPRE and MCO bits */ #ifndef STM32F10X_CL RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF8FF0000; #else RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xF0FF0000; #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */ /* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */ RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF; /* Reset HSEBYP bit */ RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF; /* Reset PLLSRC, PLLXTPRE, PLLMUL and USBPRE/OTGFSPRE bits */ RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)0xFF80FFFF; #ifdef STM32F10X_CL /* Reset PLL2ON and PLL3ON bits */ RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xEBFFFFFF; /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */ RCC->CIR = 0x00FF0000; /* Reset CFGR2 register */ RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000; #elif defined (STM32F10X_LD_VL) || defined (STM32F10X_MD_VL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL) /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */ RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000; /* Reset CFGR2 register */ RCC->CFGR2 = 0x00000000; #else /* Disable all interrupts and clear pending bits */ RCC->CIR = 0x009F0000; #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */ #if defined (STM32F10X_HD) || (defined STM32F10X_XL) || (defined STM32F10X_HD_VL) #ifdef DATA_IN_ExtSRAM SystemInit_ExtMemCtl(); #endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM */ #endif /* Configure the System clock frequency, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 prescalers */ /* Configure the Flash Latency cycles and enable prefetch buffer */ SetSysClock(); //此函数在该函数末尾 #ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM SCB->VTOR = SRAM_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM. */ #else SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH. */ #endif } static void SetSysClock(void) { // 根据宏定义来设置时钟。 #ifdef SYSCLK_FREQ_HSE SetSysClockToHSE(); #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_24MHz SetSysClockTo24(); #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_36MHz SetSysClockTo36(); #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_48MHz SetSysClockTo48(); #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_56MHz SetSysClockTo56(); #elif defined SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz SetSysClockTo72(); // 以设置成最大频率72MHZ为例 #endif /* If none of the define above is enabled, the HSI is used as System clock source (default after reset) */ } static void SetSysClockTo72(void) { __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0; /* SYSCLK, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 configuration ---------------------------*/ /* Enable HSE */ RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON); /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */ do { HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY; StartUpCounter++; } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT)); if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET) { HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01; } else { HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00; } if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01) { /* Enable Prefetch Buffer */ FLASH->ACR |= FLASH_ACR_PRFTBE; /* Flash 2 wait state */ FLASH->ACR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~FLASH_ACR_LATENCY); FLASH->ACR |= (uint32_t)FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2; /* HCLK = SYSCLK */ RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1; /* PCLK2 = HCLK */ RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1; /* PCLK1 = HCLK */ RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2; #ifdef STM32F10X_CL /* Configure PLLs ------------------------------------------------------*/ /* PLL2 configuration: PLL2CLK = (HSE / 5) * 8 = 40 MHz */ /* PREDIV1 configuration: PREDIV1CLK = PLL2 / 5 = 8 MHz */ RCC->CFGR2 &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC); RCC->CFGR2 |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2_DIV5 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL8 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC_PLL2 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1_DIV5); /* Enable PLL2 */ RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLL2ON; /* Wait till PLL2 is ready */ while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLL2RDY) == 0) { } /* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = PREDIV1 * 9 = 72 MHz */ RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL); RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9); #else /* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = HSE * 9 = 72 MHz */ RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL)); RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9); #endif /* STM32F10X_CL */ /* Enable PLL */ RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON; /* Wait till PLL is ready */ while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0) { } /* Select PLL as system clock source */ RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW)); RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL; /* Wait till PLL is used as system clock source */ while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS) != (uint32_t)0x08) { } } else { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */ } }
文件"system_stm32f10x.c"的属性默认被设置为只读文件,最好不要更改里面的东西,毕竟启动以及复位之后,最先运行的是这个文件内的函数。
如果想要更改MCU时钟频率,建议自己写一个函数来进行更改,代码如下:
/** * @brief 配置系统时钟(72MHz) * @param None * @retval None */ void RCC_Configuration(void) { ErrorStatus HSEStartUpStatus; RCC_DeInit(); RCC_HSEConfig(RCC_HSE_ON); HSEStartUpStatus = RCC_WaitForHSEStartUp(); if(HSEStartUpStatus == SUCCESS) { FLASH_PrefetchBufferCmd(FLASH_PrefetchBuffer_Enable); FLASH_SetLatency(FLASH_Latency_2); // HCLK(AHBCLK) = SYSCLK = 72MHZ RCC_HCLKConfig(RCC_SYSCLK_Div1); // APB2CLK = HCLK = 72MHZ RCC_PCLK2Config(RCC_HCLK_Div1); // APB1CLK = HCLK/4 = 18MHZ RCC_PCLK1Config(RCC_HCLK_Div4); // 选择PLLCLK为输入时钟,PLLMUL9倍频. 8MHZ*9 = 72MHZ RCC_PLLConfig(RCC_PLLSource_HSE_Div1, RCC_PLLMul_9); RCC_PLLCmd(ENABLE); while(RCC_GetFlagStatus(RCC_FLAG_PLLRDY) == RESET){
; } //PLL作为系统时钟的输入 RCC_SYSCLKConfig(RCC_SYSCLKSource_PLLCLK); while(RCC_GetSYSCLKSource() != 0x08) {
; } } }
至此,记录完毕。
记录地点:深圳WZ
记录时间:2016年8月16日