Centos下 Nginx-1.2.4 + php-5.4.8（FastCGI）+Mysql5.5.28(最新LNMP方案)+高并发优化

环境介绍：centos5.8_64
首先安装所需要的库

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers cmake

第一部分：安装Mysql5.5.28
1：检查删除自带mysql

rpm -qa|grep mysql
rpm -e --allmatches --nodeps mysql
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql

2：创建MySQL数据库存放目录、配置用户和用户组

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
mkdir -p /yunwei8/mysql/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /yunwei8/mysql/

3：安装MySQL 5.5.28

mkdir /soft
cd /soft
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.28

cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/server/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/yunwei8/mysql/data -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/ -DWITH_SSL=yes -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_READLINE=on

make
make install
chmod +w /usr/local/server/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/server/mysql/

4：创建软连接

ln -s /usr/local/server/mysql/lib/lib* /usr/lib/

5：创建my.cnf配置文件：
#设置Mysql
#在support-files目录中有五个配置信息文件：
#my-small.cnf (内存<=64M)
#my-medium.cnf (内存 128M)
#my-large.cnf (内存 512M)
#my-huge.cnf (内存 1G-2G)
#my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf (内存 4GB)

cp /usr/local/server/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加一行

default-character-set = utf8

在[mysqld]下添如下行

character-set-server = utf8

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

basedir = /usr/local/server/mysql

datadir = /yunwei8/mysql/data

log-error = /yunwei8/mysql/mysql_error.log

pid-file = /yunwei8/mysql/mysql.pid

在[mysqld]下添加修改

max_allowed_packet = 32M

在[mysqldump]下添加修改

max_allowed_packet = 32M

6：以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：

/usr/local/server/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/server/mysql --datadir=/yunwei8/mysql/data --user=mysql

7：设置mysql开机自动启动服务

cp /usr/local/server/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

8：修改服务配置文件

vi /etc/init.d/mysqld

根据设定需要，修改mysqld文件中的下面两项

basedir=/usr/local/server/mysql

datadir=/yunwi8/mysql/data

9：启动mysqld服务

service mysqld start

10：通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器并设置root密码（提示输入密码时直接回车）：

/usr/local/server/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('123456789');
退出mysql
exit

11：软连接mysql

ln -s /usr/local/server/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

12：尝试用root连接mysql

mysql -u root -p

成功登录后查看状态
status;

第二部分：mysql优化
为MySQL添加TCMalloc库的安装步骤（Linux环境）：
1、64位操作系统请先安装libunwind库，32位操作系统不要安装。libunwind库为基于64位CPU和操作系统的程序提供了基本的堆栈辗转开解功能，其中包括用于输出堆栈跟踪的API、用于以编程方式辗转开解堆栈的API以及支持C++异常处理机制的API。

首先下载libunwind-1.1

cd /soft

wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/libunwind-1.1.tar.gz
然后安装

tar zxvf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz
cd libunwind-1.1
CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure
make CFLAGS=-fPIC
make CFLAGS=-fPIC install

2、安装google-perftools：
首先下载gperftools-2.0

cd /soft

wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/gperftools-2.0.tar.gz
然后安装

tar zxvf gperftools-2.0.tar.gz
cd gperftools-2.0/
./configure
make && make install

echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf
/sbin/ldconfig

3、修改MySQL启动脚本（根据你的MySQL安装位置而定）：

vi /usr/local/server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

在# executing mysqld_safe的下一行，加上：

export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so

保存后退出，然后重启MySQL服务器。

service mysqld restart

4、使用lsof命令查看tcmalloc是否起效：

/usr/sbin/lsof -n | grep tcmalloc

如果发现以下信息，说明tcmalloc已经起效：
mysqld 7395 mysql mem REG 8,2 1943638 194448 /usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so.4.1.0
--------------------------------------------------------------华丽分割线--------------------------------------------------------------

第三部分：nginx安装
安装Nginx所需的pcre库
1：下载pcre-8.3.2

cd /soft

wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/pcre-8.32.tar.gz
解压并安装

tar zxvf pcre-8.32.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.32/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

2：创建www用户和组，创建www虚拟主机使用的目录，以及Nginx使用的日志目录，并且赋予他们适当的权限

groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /web/www
chmod +w /web/www
chown -R www:www /web/www
mkdir -p /web/logs
chmod +w /web/logs
chown -R www:www /web/logs

3：为tcmalloc添加目录，并且赋予适当权限

mkdir -p /tmp/tcmalloc/
chown -R www:www /tmp/tcmalloc/

4：安装niginx
下载nginx-1.2.4
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz
解压并安装

tar zxvf nginx-1.2.4.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.2.4/

伪装服务器信息（可以不修改）

vi /soft/nginx-1.2.4/src/core/nginx.h

修改NGINX_VERSION为你希望显示的版号
修改NGINX_VER为你希望显示的名称
修改NGINX_VAR 为你希望显示的名称

引用

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/server/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-pcre=../pcre-8.32 --with-pcre-jit
make && make install

安装参数说明看这里：http://www.yunwei8.com/nginxcs

5：修改 nginx.conf ，令nginx可以 google-perftools实现加速

vi /usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

修改前面几行为：

user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /web/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc/;
events{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

6：测试和运行
增加软连接否则会报错

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64

测试

/usr/local/server/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果显示下面信息，即表示配置没问题

nginx: the configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

输入代码运行nginx服务

/usr/local/server/nginx/sbin/nginx
ps aux|grep [n]ginx

如果显以类似下面的信息，即表示nginx已经启动

root 22900 0.0 0.1 43216 1576 ? Ss 08:23 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/server/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 23019 0.0 2.6 68816 27160 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 23020 0.0 2.6 68816 26828 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 23021 0.0 2.6 68816 26828 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 23022 0.0 2.6 68816 26828 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 23023 0.0 2.6 68816 26828 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 23024 0.0 2.6 68816 26828 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 23025 0.0 2.6 68816 26828 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 23026 0.0 2.6 68816 26828 ? S 08:48 0:00 nginx: worker process

输入代码检测是否支持加速

lsof -n | grep tcmalloc

如果显示类似下面的信息，即表示支持tcmalloc加速 (mysqld和nginx八个线程都支持)

mysqld 20818 mysql mem REG 253,0 2177570 281050 /usr/local/lib/libtcmalloc.so.0.2.2
nginx 31655 www 9w REG 8,1 0 479533 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31655
nginx 31656 www 11w REG 8,1 0 479534 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31656
nginx 31657 www 13w REG 8,1 0 479535 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31657
nginx 31658 www 15w REG 8,1 0 479536 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31658
nginx 31659 www 17w REG 8,1 0 479537 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31659
nginx 31660 www 19w REG 8,1 0 479540 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31660
nginx 31661 www 21w REG 8,1 0 479538 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31661
nginx 31662 www 23w REG 8,1 0 479539 /tmp/tcmalloc/.31662

7：编写nginx 启动服务

vi /etc/init.d/nginx

输入以下代码并保存

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: - 60 50
# description: nginx web server
# processname: nginx
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/opt/csw/bin:/var/nginx/sbin
NAME=nginx

DAEMON=/usr/local/server/nginx/sbin/nginx
PIDFILE=/usr/local/server/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
do_start()
{
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then
echo "Nginx program is runing!!!"
exit 1
else
$DAEMON
echo "Nginx program is the successful start!!! "
fi

}

do_stop()
{
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then
kill `cat $PIDFILE`
rm -f $PIDFILE
echo "Nginx program is stoping"
else
echo "Nginx program is not runing!!!"
fi
}

do_reload ()
{
if [ -f $PIDFILE ]; then
kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE`
echo "Nginx program is reload"
else
echo "Nginx program is not runing!!!"
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
do_start
;;
stop)
do_stop
;;
restart)
do_stop
do_start
;;
reload)
do_reload
;;
*)
echo “Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload}” >&2
;;
esac

保存后，设置权限并添加到启动服务列表中

chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig --level 345 nginx on
service nginx start

8：防火墙设置
端口开放

/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

然后保存：

/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save

重启防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables restart

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第四部分：安装php（FastCGI模式）
编译安装php-5.4.8所需的支持库：
1：安装libiconv-1.14

cd /soft

wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
cd ../

2：安装libmcrypt-2.5.8
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
cd ../../

3：安装mhash-0.9.9.9
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

4：添加软连接

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

5：安装mcrypt-2.6.8
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make && make install
cd ..

6：编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
6.1：centos5.8 64bit 执行如下两行:

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng* /usr/lib/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg* /usr/lib/
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libldap* /usr/lib/

6.2：安装php5.4.8
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/php-5.4.8.tar.gz

tar zvxf php-5.4.8.tar.gz
cd php-5.4.8/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/server/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/server/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/server/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --with-freetype-dir --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install

安装参数说明看这里：http://www.yunwei8.com/phpcs

cp php.ini-production /usr/local/server/php/etc/php.ini
cd ..

--------------------------------------------------------------华丽分割线--------------------------------------------------------------

第五部分：编译安装PHP5扩展模块
1：安装memcache-2.2.7
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/memcache-2.2.7.tgz

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.7/
/usr/local/server/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/server/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
cd ../

2：安装eaccelerator-eaccelerator-42067ac
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/eaccelerator-eaccelerator-42067ac.tar.gz

tar zxvf eaccelerator-eaccelerator-42067ac.tar.gz
cd eaccelerator-eaccelerator-42067ac
/usr/local/server/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/server/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
cd ../

3：安装PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2
建立软连接否则会报错

ln -s /usr/local/server/mysql/include/* /usr/local/include/

wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/server/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/server/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/server/mysql
make && make install
cd ../

4：安装ImageMagick
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/ImageMagick-6.8.0-2.tar.gz

tar zxvf ImageMagick-6.8.0-2.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.8.0-2
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

5：安装imagick-3.1.0RC2
wget http://down.yunwei8.com/soft/linux/imagick-3.1.0RC2.tgz

tar zxvf imagick-3.1.0RC2.tgz
cd imagick-3.1.0RC2
/usr/local/server/php/bin/phpize
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=//usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/server/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
cd ../

第六部分：配置php
1：修改php.ini文件
vi /usr/local/server/php/etc/php.ini
查找

; extension_dir = "./"

修改为

extension_dir = "/usr/local/server/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/"

并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：

extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"

查找

; output_buffering
; Default Value: Off

修改为

output_buffering
Default Value: on

查找

;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

修改为

cgi.fix_pathinfo=1，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

2：配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /tmp/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/server/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/server/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

3：创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：

rm -f /usr/local/server/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/server/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

复制以下代码

[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = log/php-fpm.log
log_level = notice
emergency_restart_threshold = 10
emergency_restart_interval = 1m
process_control_timeout = 5s
daemonize = yes
[www]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.backlog = -1
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
listen.owner = nobody
listen.group = nobody
listen.mode = 0666
user = www
group = www
pm = static
pm.max_children = 128
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
request_terminate_timeout = 0
request_slowlog_timeout = 0
slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow
rlimit_files = 65535
rlimit_core = 0
chroot =
chdir =
catch_workers_output = yes
php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f [email protected]
php_flag[display_errors] = off

--------------------------------------------------------------华丽分割线--------------------------------------------------------------

第七部分：优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容

# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
kernel.shmmax = 128000000 syscatl -p

特别注释(kernel.shmmax = 128000000 syscatl -p )
php.ini中设置的eAccelerator，eaccelerator.shm_size="64"，解释：eaccelerator可使用的共享内存大小(单位为MB)，即64M
在Linux下，单个进程的最大内存使用量受/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax中设置的数字限制(单位为字节) /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax = 33554432 （32M）
临时更改该值：
echo 128000000 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
或者
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = 128000000 syscatl -p

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

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第八部分：将php-fpm 作为服务运行

cp /soft/php-5.4.8/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig --level 345 php-fpm on

服务方式启动php-fpm

service php-fpm start

第九部分：修改nginx，支持php

vi /usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

找到并修改以下代码

location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /web/www$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

提供一份完整的nginx.conf配置文件(仅供参考)

user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /web/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid logs/nginx.pid;
google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc/;

events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /web/www;
error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#

location ~ \.php$ {
charset utf-8;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /web/www/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
}

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/wangzhenyu/1228401