1、Java支持基于流的通信和基于包的通信

基于流的通信使用TCP协议(传输控制协议)进行数据传输,传输是无损可靠的

基于包的通信使用UDP协议(用户数据报协议)进行数据传输,不能保证传输没有丢失

2、服务端和客户端套接字--基于流的通信

客户端代码
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package com.wangluo;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class Client {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
        //1.创建客户端Socket,指定服务器端地址和端口
        Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",8888);
        //2.获取输出流,向服务器端发送信息
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字节输出流
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//将输出流包装为打印流
        pw.write("用户名:admin;密码:123");
        pw.write("用户名:admin2;密码:456");
        pw.flush();
        socket.shutdownOutput();//关闭输出流,对于 TCP 套接字,任何以前写入的数据都将被发送
        //3.获取输入流,并读取服务器的响应信息
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
        String info = null;
        while((info = br.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println("我是客户端,服务器端说:"+info);
        }
        //4.关闭资源
        br.close();
        is.close();
        pw.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();

    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

}
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如果服务端的端口服务没有起来,运行客户端的程序会抛异常

java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
服务端代码--服务多个客户
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package com.wangluo;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Server {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    try {
        //1.创建一个服务器端Socket,即ServerSocket,指定绑定的端口
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
        //2.调用accept()方法开始监听,等待客户端 的连接
        System.out.println("***服务器即将启动,等待客户端的连接***");
        while (true) {
            //监听端口
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
            new MyThread(socket).start();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

static class MyThread extends Thread{
    private Socket socket;
    public MyThread(Socket socket){
        this.socket=socket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            server(socket);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private void server(Socket socket) throws IOException {
        //3.获取输入流,并读取客户端信息
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();//字节输入流
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);//将字节输入流转换为字符流
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);//为输入流添加缓冲
        String info = null;
        while((info=br.readLine())!=null) {//循环读取客户端的信息
            System.out.println("我是服务器,客户端说:"+info);
        }
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字节输出流
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//将输出流包装为打印流
        pw.write("我是服务端");
        pw.flush();
        socket.shutdownInput();//关闭输入流
         //4.关闭资源
        br.close();
        isr.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

}
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如果服务端监听的端口已经被使用了,在启动服务端的服务时候会抛异常

java.net.BindException
输出结果:(先启动服务端,再启动客户端)
服务端输出:我是服务器,客户端说:用户名:admin;密码:123用户名:admin2;密码:456

客户端输出:我是客户端,服务器端说:我是服务端

3、套接字发送和接受对象

对象必须实现Serializable接口
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package com.wangluo;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Test implements Serializable{

private static long serialVersionUID=1L;
private int num;
private String name;

public Test(int num, String name){
    this.num=num;
    this.name=name;
}
public int getNum() {
    return num;
}

public void setNum(int num) {
    this.num = num;
}

public String getName() {
    return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
    return "Test{" +
            "num=" + num +
            ", name='" + name + '\'' +
            '}';
}

}
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客户端代码
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package com.wangluo;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class Client {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
        //1.创建客户端Socket,指定服务器端地址和端口
        Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",8888);
        //2.获取输出流,向服务器端发送信息
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字节输出流

// PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//将输出流包装为打印流
// pw.write("用户名:admin;密码:123");
// pw.write("用户名:admin2;密码:456");
// pw.flush();
ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream=new ObjectOutputStream(os);
objectOutputStream.writeObject(new Test(123,"deng"));
objectOutputStream.flush();
socket.shutdownOutput();//关闭输出流
//3.获取输入流,并读取服务器的响应信息
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String info = null;
while((info = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("我是客户端,服务器端说:"+info);
}
//4.关闭资源
br.close();
is.close();
// pw.close();
objectOutputStream.close();
os.close();
socket.close();

    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

}
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服务端代码
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package com.wangluo;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Server {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    try {
        //1.创建一个服务器端Socket,即ServerSocket,指定绑定的端口
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8888);
        //2.调用accept()方法开始监听,等待客户端 的连接
        System.out.println("***服务器即将启动,等待客户端的连接***");
        while (true) {
            //监听端口
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
            new MyThread(socket).start();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

static class MyThread extends Thread{
    private Socket socket;
    public MyThread(Socket socket){
        this.socket=socket;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            server(socket);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private void server(Socket socket) throws Exception {
        //3.获取输入流,并读取客户端信息
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();//字节输入流

// InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);//将字节输入流转换为字符流
// BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);//为输入流添加缓冲
// String info = null;
// while((info=br.readLine())!=null) {//循环读取客户端的信息
// System.out.println("我是服务器,客户端说:"+info);
// }

        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream=new ObjectInputStream(is);
        Object test=objectInputStream.readObject();
        System.out.println("我是服务器,客户端说:"+test);
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//字节输出流
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//将输出流包装为打印流
        pw.write("服务端应答");
        pw.flush();
        socket.shutdownInput();//关闭输入流
         //4.关闭资源

// br.close();
// isr.close();
objectInputStream.close();
is.close();
socket.close();