POJ 3280 Cheapest Palindrome【DP之经典回文问题】
原题链接：http://poj.org/problem?id=3280
CSUST：http://acm.hust.edu.cn/vjudge/contest/view.action?cid=20437#problem/C
转载来自：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/articlelist_1836701754_0_1.html
| Time Limit: 2000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
| Total Submissions: 4305 | Accepted: 2091 |
Description
Keeping track of all the cows can be a tricky task so Farmer John has installed a system to automate it. He has installed on each cow an electronic ID tag that the system will read as the cows pass by a scanner. Each ID tag's contents are currently a single string with length M (1 ≤ M ≤ 2,000) characters drawn from an alphabet of N (1 ≤ N ≤ 26) different symbols (namely, the lower-case roman alphabet).
Cows, being the mischievous creatures they are, sometimes try to spoof the system by walking backwards. While a cow whose ID is "abcba" would read the same no matter which direction the she walks, a cow with the ID "abcb" can potentially register as two different IDs ("abcb" and "bcba").
FJ would like to change the cows's ID tags so they read the same no matter which direction the cow walks by. For example, "abcb" can be changed by adding "a" at the end to form "abcba" so that the ID is palindromic (reads the same forwards and backwards). Some other ways to change the ID to be palindromic are include adding the three letters "bcb" to the begining to yield the ID "bcbabcb" or removing the letter "a" to yield the ID "bcb". One can add or remove characters at any location in the string yielding a string longer or shorter than the original string.
Unfortunately as the ID tags are electronic, each character insertion or deletion has a cost (0 ≤ cost ≤ 10,000) which varies depending on exactly which character value to be added or deleted. Given the content of a cow's ID tag and the cost of inserting or deleting each of the alphabet's characters, find the minimum cost to change the ID tag so it satisfies FJ's requirements. An empty ID tag is considered to satisfy the requirements of reading the same forward and backward. Only letters with associated costs can be added to a string.
Input
Line 2: This line contains exactly M characters which constitute the initial ID string
Lines 3.. N+2: Each line contains three space-separated entities: a character of the input alphabet and two integers which are respectively the cost of adding and deleting that character.
Output
Sample Input
3 4 abcb a 1000 1100 b 350 700 c 200 800
Sample Output
900
Hint
Source
题意：给你一串字符，通过添加删除其中的一部分，使其变成一个回文串，并且花费最小（添加删除都有权值）。
分析：经典DP。是poj1159的加强版本，增加了删除操作，而且每次插入删除的代价也不一定为一个恒定值，但是大体上的思路是一样的：设dp[i][j]表示将i--j变成回文串的最小代价。
插入操作在我的上上篇博文有讲，这里不再多赘述。
删除操作的状态很好表示：f(i,j-1)+ 删除第j个字符的代价
f(i+1,j)+删除第i个字符的代价
代码（454ms AC）：
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int len,letter,dp[2105][2105];
map <char,int> insert,removed;
char str[2105];
int DFS(int l,int r){
if(l>=r)
return 0;
if(dp[l][r]!=-1)
return dp[l][r];
int M=99999999;
if(str[l]==str[r])
M=DFS(l+1,r-1);
else{
M=min(M,DFS(l+1,r)+insert[str[l]]);
M=min(M,DFS(l,r-1)+insert[str[r]]);
M=min(M,DFS(l+1,r)+removed[str[l]]);
M=min(M,DFS(l,r-1)+removed[str[r]]);
}
return dp[l][r]=M;
}
int main()
{
while(scanf("%d %d",&letter,&len)!=EOF){
memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp));
scanf("%s",str+1);
insert.clear();
removed.clear();
for(int i=1;i<=letter;i++){
getchar();
char ch;
int i,r;
scanf("%c %d %d",&ch,&i,&r);
insert[ch]=i,removed[ch]=r;
}
cout<<DFS(1,len)<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
//Accepted 16004K 594MS C++ 947B 2013-03-15 20:09:34
#include
#include
#include