ORACLE使用子游标去区分一个不能被共享的SQL,因为虽然SQL相同,但是SQL所指向的对象使不同的。也就是说,这些SQL的父游标都是一样的,HASH_VALUE值都相同。例如,数据库有三个表T,有这样一个语句,select *from T,由于每个T都被不同的对象使用或是用户使用,而在数据库级别,这些语句都是一样的,HASH_VALUE都相同,但是他们的子游标就不同了,这就会产生High Version Counts,由于HASH_VALUE相同,持有LATCH会不放,所以当PARSE的时候就会产生LATCH FREE。这是产生High Version的一个方面。另外正如大家前面所说的,数据库的BUG也会引发这个问题。至于第一个问题,可以通过查询 V$SQL_SHARED_CURSOR得到详细关于子游标不能共享的原因。

例子

SQL> create table t(name varchar2(2000));
Table created.
SQL>  declare
    a varchar2(1) := 'x';
    b varchar2(100) := rpad('x',100,'x');
    c varchar2(500) := rpad('x',500,'x');
    d varchar2(1000) := rpad('x',1000,'x');
   begin
    insert into t values(a);
    insert into t values(b);
    insert into t values(c);
   insert into t values(d);
 end;
 2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11   12  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看父游标和子游标的hash值

SQL> select PARSING_USER_ID puid,parsing_schema_id psid,sql_text,sql_id,child_address from v$sql where sql_text like 'INSERT INTO T VALUES%';
     PUID       PSID SQL_TEXT                                           SQL_ID                     CHILD_AD
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------- --------
       55         55 INSERT INTO T VALUES(:B1 )                         9bay73nakuyw9              2D261260
       55         55 INSERT INTO T VALUES(:B1 )                         9bay73nakuyw9              2D26117C
       55         55 INSERT INTO T VALUES(:B1 )                         9bay73nakuyw9              2D261098
查看
v$sql_shared_cursor中游标不能共享的原因
SQL> select * from v$sql_shared_cursor where sql_id='9bay73nakuyw9';
SQL_ID                     ADDRESS  CHILD_AD CHILD_NUMBER UNB SQL OPT OUT STA LIT SEC EXP BUF PDM INS SLA TYP AUT BIN DES LAN TRA ROW INS INS REM LOG
-------------------------- -------- -------- ------------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
INC OVE SQL MV_ USE TYP NO_ FLA ANY INC TOP DIF LOG DIF BIN PLS CUR STB ROW PQ_ TOP MUL BIN MV_ ROL OPT PX_ MV_ FLA LIT
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
9bay73nakuyw9              2D261344 2D261260            0 N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N
N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N

9bay73nakuyw9              2D261344 2D26117C            1 N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   Y   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N
N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N

9bay73nakuyw9              2D261344 2D261098            2 N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   Y   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N
N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N   N
可以看到由于bind_mismatch游标没有被共享,oracle认为绑定变量之间的值不一致。

由于v$sql_shared_cursor视图的字段较多,查看起来较为不便,有如下存储过程可以解决这个问题
$ cat shared_cursor.sql

SET  serveroutput on size 100000;
DECLARE
  c           NUMBER;
  col_cnt     NUMBER;
  col_rec     DBMS_SQL.desc_tab;
  col_value   VARCHAR2 (4000);
  ret_val     NUMBER;
BEGIN
  c := DBMS_SQL.open_cursor;
  DBMS_SQL.parse
     (c,
      'select q.sql_text, s.*
     from v$sql_shared_cursor s, v$sql q
     where s.sql_id = q.sql_id
         and s.child_number = q.child_number
         and q.sql_id like ''&1''',
      DBMS_SQL.native
     );
  DBMS_SQL.describe_columns (c, col_cnt, col_rec);

  FOR idx IN 1 .. col_cnt
  LOOP
     DBMS_SQL.define_column (c, idx, col_value, 4000);
  END LOOP;
  ret_val := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE (c);
  WHILE (DBMS_SQL.fetch_rows (c) > 0)
  LOOP
     FOR idx IN 1 .. col_cnt
     LOOP
        DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE (c, idx, col_value);

        IF col_rec (idx).col_name IN ('SQL_ID', 'ADDRESS', 'CHILD_ADDRESS', 'CHILD_NUMBER', 'SQL_TEXT')
        THEN
           DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (RPAD (col_rec (idx).col_name, 30) || ' = ' || col_value);
        ELSIF col_value = 'Y'
        THEN
           DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (RPAD (col_rec (idx).col_name, 30) || ' = ' || col_value);
        END IF;
     END LOOP;
     DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line ('--------------------------------------------------');
  END LOOP;

  DBMS_SQL.close_cursor (c);
END;
/
SET serveroutput off;

SQL> @/home/oracle/shared_cursor.sql
Enter value for 1: 9bay73nakuyw9
old  15:           and q.sql_id like ''&1''',
new  15:           and q.sql_id like ''9bay73nakuyw9''',
SQL_TEXT                       = INSERT INTO T VALUES(:B1 )
SQL_ID                         = 9bay73nakuyw9
ADDRESS                        = 2D261344
CHILD_ADDRESS                  = 2D261260
CHILD_NUMBER                   = 0
--------------------------------------------------
SQL_TEXT                       = INSERT INTO T VALUES(:B1 )
SQL_ID                         = 9bay73nakuyw9
ADDRESS                        = 2D261344
CHILD_ADDRESS                  = 2D26117C
CHILD_NUMBER                   = 1
BIND_MISMATCH                  = Y
--------------------------------------------------
SQL_TEXT                       = INSERT INTO T VALUES(:B1 )
SQL_ID                         = 9bay73nakuyw9
ADDRESS                        = 2D261344
CHILD_ADDRESS                  = 2D261098
CHILD_NUMBER                   = 2
BIND_MISMATCH                  = Y
--------------------------------------------------