iOS的消息推送简析

iOS的消息推送简析

消息推送的目的是为了在应用切至后台或手机锁屏情况下,提醒用户当前时间APP内部发生了某事,吸引用户打开APP应用。

消息推送有三种提示类型:

  1. UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:应用的BadgeValue小红圈
  2. UIUserNotificationTypeSound:声音或震动提示
  3. UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:Alert展示Message内容
基于不轻易打扰用户使用的原则,APP消息推送需要征得用户同意,提前进行注册。
iOS的消息推送简析_第1张图片
是否允许开启推送.png
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
    // 程序启动注册推送
    if ([[UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion floatValue] >= 8.0)
    {
        UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeBadge |
                                                UIUserNotificationTypeAlert |
                                                UIUserNotificationTypeSound 
                                                categories:nil];
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
    }
    else
    {
        [application registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert | 
                                                    UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | 
                                                    UIUserNotificationTypeSound];
    }
    
    ......
    return YES;
}

// 在 iOS8 系统中,还需要添加这个方法。通过新的 API 注册推送服务,如果用户不允许推送,程序启动时会调用此方法,获取用户的设置
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterUserNotificationSettings:(UIUserNotificationSettings *)notificationSettings 
{
    [application registerForRemoteNotifications];
}

// 注册失败调用
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error 
{
    NSLog(@"远程通知注册失败:%@",error);
}

如果用户选择允许,苹果会根据bundleID和手机UDID生成deviceToken,然后调用 application:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken: 方法获取到devicetoken

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken
{
    NSLog(@"test:%@",deviceToken); // 获取设备的Token,获取成功则代表注册成功
    // 程序应该将devicetoken发给APP的服务器,服务器将其存储,以便于发送推送消息
}

消息推送分为两种:

  • 本地消息推送(LocalNotification)
  • 离线消息推送(PushNotification或者RemoteNotification)

本地消息推送

  1. 一般用于工具类软件,比如:事务提醒等软件,到某个时间点发出通知提示。
  2. 实时通信软件,通知客户端的形式,比如实时通信软件,收到聊天信息后,通知手机响铃或震动,或修改TabBar的Item的BadgeValue等。

离线消息推送

APP切至后台,Kill掉APP的情况下,提示用户。

收到通知后的回调

收到通知后,单击本地通知后,有两种情况:

  1. 程序从后台切至前台打开(程序未被kill掉)
    收到本地通知就会调用didReceiveLocalNotification代理方法,当应用在前台时,收到本地推送通知也会调用,不过一般不做处理
iOS的消息推送简析_第2张图片
本地推送在手机的呈现方式.png
- (void) application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification 
{
    switch (application.applicationState)
    {
        case UIApplicationStateActive:       // 活动在前台,未锁屏情况
        {
        // 收到本地推送的时候,程序在前台
        // 前台的界面的变化代码,一般是TabBar的Item的BadgeValue改变
            [self playSoundAndVibration]; // 振铃
            return;
        }
            break;
        case UIApplicationStateInactive:     // 进入消息通知栏时点击某条消息,退到后台
        {
            // 收到本地推送的时候,程序在被切至后台
            // 具体业务执行代码,跳转或其他
            [self playSoundAndVibration]; // 振铃
        }
            break;
        case UIApplicationStateBackground: //程序进入后台
        {
           NSLog(@"%@",message);
           [self playSoundAndVibration]; // 振铃
           [self showNotificationWithMessage:message];
        }
              break;
        default:
            break;
   }
}

- (void)playSoundAndVibration
{
    NSTimeInterval timeInterval = [[NSDate date] timeIntervalSinceDate:self.lastPlaySoundDate];
    if (timeInterval < kDefaultPlaySoundInterval)
    {
        // 如果距离上次响铃和震动时间太短, 则跳过响铃
        NSLog(@"skip ringing & vibration %@, %@", [NSDate date], self.lastPlaySoundDate);
        return;
    }
    self.lastPlaySoundDate = [NSDate date]; // 保存最后一次响铃时间
    [[EMCDDeviceManager sharedInstance] playNewMessageSound]; // 收到消息时,播放音频
    [[EMCDDeviceManager sharedInstance] playVibration]; // 收到消息时,震动
}

- (void)showNotificationWithMessage:(EMMessage *)message
{
    UILocalNotification *notification = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init]; // 发送本地推送
    notification.fireDate = [NSDate date]; //触发通知的时间

    notification.alertBody = NSLocalizedString(@"receiveMessage", @"you have a new message");

    notification.hasAction = NO;
    notification.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone];
    NSTimeInterval timeInterval = [[NSDate date] timeIntervalSinceDate:self.lastPlaySoundDate];
    if (timeInterval < kDefaultPlaySoundInterval)
    {
        NSLog(@"skip ringing & vibration %@, %@", [NSDate date], self.lastPlaySoundDate);
    }
    else
    {
        notification.soundName = UILocalNotificationDefaultSoundName;
        self.lastPlaySoundDate = [NSDate date];
    }

    NSMutableDictionary *userInfo = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    [userInfo setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:message.messageType] forKey:kMessageType];
    [userInfo setObject:message.conversationChatter forKey:kConversationChatter];
    notification.userInfo = userInfo;

    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:notification]; // 发送通知
    [UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber += 1;
}

  1. 程序Kill掉,重新运行

打开程序,都会执行执行application: didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: 回调方法,不同的是,正常启动时launchOptions参数为null,如果其他方式启动launchOptions会带有特定参数。

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions 
{
    if (launchOptions[UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey]) 
    {
        NSDictionary*userInfo = [launchOptions objectForKey:@"UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey"];
        // NSDictionary*userInfo = launchOptions[UIApplicationLaunchOptionsLocalNotificationKey];
        // kill掉的程序,单击本地通知打开,会进入这个地方,并将相应的launchOptions传递给程序
        // 以便于我们做出对应的跳转等
        [self didReceiveRemoteNotification:userInfo];
    }
    ......
    return YES;
}

#pragma mark - 杀死进程,离线推送获取的信息
- (void)didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
{
    // 方便离线推送消息的解析
    NSError *parseError = nil;
    NSData  *jsonData = [NSJSONSerialization dataWithJSONObject:userInfo
                                                        options:NSJSONWritingPrettyPrinted error:&parseError];
    NSString *str =  [[NSString alloc] initWithData:jsonData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"apns.content", @"Apns content")
                                                  message:str
                                                   delegate:nil
                                          cancelButtonTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"ok", @"OK")
                                          otherButtonTitles:nil];
    [alert show];
}

AppDelegate中关于推送代理方法的执行情况:

首次安装APP应用:
--> didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken被调用;
--> 系统提示用户是否允许开启推送;
--> didRegisterUserNotificationSettings被调用;
非首次启动时:
--> 推送处于拒绝状态:didRegisterUserNotificationSettings被调用;
--> 推送处于允许状态
--> didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken 被调用
--> didRegisterUserNotificationSettings 被调用
运行过程中用户修改推送设置:
--> 拒绝 到 允许:didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken被调用
--> 允许 到 拒绝:什么也不做

一点疑问???

在Kill掉APP情况,单击本地推送消息,iOS7.0之后不在didFinishLaunchingWithOptions中做处理,只在下面函数做处理,但我实际开发中,没有这样奇怪。

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo 
                                        fetchCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UIBackgroundFetchResult))completionHandler
{
    // userInfo
}

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