python 搭建web服务器
使用 httpie 在命令行进行测试
1、最基本的：
# _*_coding :utf-8 _*_
import httpie
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer
class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
'''处理请求并返回页面'''
# 页面模板
Page = '''\
Hello, web!
'''
def do_GET(self):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type","text/html")
self.send_header("Content-length",str(len(self.Page))) #字符串类型
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(self.Page.encode())
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("server start...")
serverAddr = ('',9999) #链接不上可能是端口号被占用 换个试试
server = HTTPServer(serverAddr,RequestHandler)
server.serve_forever()
2、封装创建page,发送报文的方法
# _*_coding :utf-8 _*_
import httpie
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer
class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
'''处理请求并返回页面'''
# 页面模板
Page = '''
Header Value
Date and time {date_time}
Client host {client_host}
Client port {client_port}
Command {command}
Path {path}
'''
def do_GET(self):
page = self.create_page()
self.send_content(page)
def create_page(self):
values = {
'date_time': self.date_time_string(),
'client_host': self.client_address[0],
'client_port': self.client_address[1],
'command': self.command,
'path': self.path
}
page = self.Page.format(**values) #dict为参数的传递方式 **
return page
def send_content(self,page):
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(self.Page))) # 字符串类型
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(page.encode()) #这里必须转化威字节（bytes）类型 否则报错
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("server start...")
serverAddr = ('',9999) #链接不上可能是端口号被占用 换个试试
server = HTTPServer(serverAddr,RequestHandler)
server.serve_forever()
3、增加了对路径的异常处理：
# _*_coding :utf-8 _*_
import httpie
import sys,os
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler,HTTPServer
class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
'''处理请求并返回页面'''
# 页面模板
Page = '''
Header Value
Date and time {date_time}
Client host {client_host}
Client port {client_port}
Command {command}
Path {path}
'''
Error_Page = """\
Error accessing {path}
{msg}
"""
def do_GET(self):
try:
#文件完整路径
full_path = os.getcwd() + self.path
#如果该路径不存在...
if not os.path.exists(full_path):
# 抛出异常：文件未找到
raise ServerException("'{0}' not found".format(self.path))
# 如果该路径是一个文件
elif os.path.isfile(full_path):
# 调用 handle_file 处理该文件
self.handle_file(full_path)
# 如果该路径不是一个文件
# 抛出异常：该路径为不知名对象
else:
raise ServerException("Unknown object '{0}'".format(self.path))
except Exception as msg: #msg则是上面抛出的信息
self.handle_error(msg)
def create_page(self):
values = {
'date_time': self.date_time_string(),
'client_host': self.client_address[0],
'client_port': self.client_address[1],
'command': self.command,
'path': self.path
}
page = self.Page.format(**values) #dict为参数的传递方式 **
return page
def send_content(self,page): #这里不再是个server1一样了 需要传参数page
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(self.Page))) # 字符串类型
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(page.encode()) #这里必须转化威字节（bytes）类型 否则报错
def handle_file(self,full_path):
try:
with open(full_path,"r") as reader: #读字节 故在sent_content()中不需要转化为bytes了
content = reader.read()
self.send_content(content)
except IOError as msg:
msg = "'{0}' cannot be read :{1}".format(self.path,msg)
self.handle_error(msg)
def handle_error(self,msg):
content = self.Error_Page.format(path = self.path,msg = msg)
self.send_content(content)
class ServerException(Exception):
'''服务器内部错误'''
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("server start...")
serverAddr = ('',9999) #链接不上可能是端口号被占用 换个试试
server = HTTPServer(serverAddr,RequestHandler)
server.serve_forever()plain.html为自己创建的静态网页
4、增加了代码的重构，更加简明，易扩展
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import sys, os, subprocess
from http.server import HTTPServer,BaseHTTPRequestHandler
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class ServerException(Exception):
'''服务器内部错误'''
pass
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class base_case(object):
'''条件处理基类'''
def handle_file(self, handler, full_path):
try:
with open(full_path, 'r') as reader: #这里不要直接读城b 的否则会与下面的decode冲突
content = reader.read()
handler.send_content(content)
except IOError as msg:
msg = "'{0}' cannot be read: {1}".format(full_path, msg)
handler.handle_error(msg)
def index_path(self, handler):
return os.path.join(handler.full_path, 'index.html')
def test(self, handler):
assert False, 'Not implemented.'
def act(self, handler):
assert False, 'Not implemented.'
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class case_no_file(base_case):
'''文件或目录不存在'''
def test(self, handler):
return not os.path.exists(handler.full_path)
def act(self, handler):
raise ServerException("'{0}' not found".format(handler.path))
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class case_cgi_file(base_case):
'''可执行脚本'''
def run_cgi(self, handler):
data = subprocess.check_output(["python", handler.full_path])
handler.send_content(data)
def test(self, handler):
return os.path.isfile(handler.full_path) and handler.full_path.endswith('.py')
def act(self, handler):
self.run_cgi(handler)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class case_existing_file(base_case):
'''文件存在的情况'''
def test(self, handler):
return os.path.isfile(handler.full_path)
def act(self, handler):
self.handle_file(handler, handler.full_path)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class case_directory_index_file(base_case):
'''在根路径下返回主页文件'''
def test(self, handler):
return os.path.isdir(handler.full_path) and os.path.isfile(self.index_path(handler))
def act(self, handler):
self.handle_file(handler, self.index_path(handler))
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class case_always_fail(base_case):
'''默认处理'''
def test(self, handler):
return True
def act(self, handler):
raise ServerException("Unknown object '{0}'".format(handler.path))
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
'''
请求路径合法则返回相应处理
否则返回错误页面
'''
Cases = [case_no_file(),
case_cgi_file(),
case_existing_file(),
case_directory_index_file(),
case_always_fail()]
# 错误页面模板
Error_Page = """
Error accessing {path}
{msg}
"""
def do_GET(self):
try:
# 得到完整的请求路径
self.full_path = os.getcwd() + self.path
# 遍历所有的情况并处理
for case in self.Cases:
if case.test(self):
case.act(self)
break
# 处理异常
except Exception as msg:
self.handle_error(msg)
def handle_error(self, msg):
content = self.Error_Page.format(path=self.path, msg=msg)
self.send_content(content, 404)
# 发送数据到客户端
def send_content(self, content, status=200):
self.send_response(status)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
self.end_headers()
self.wfile.write(content.encode())
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("server start...")
serverAddress = ('', 9999)
server = HTTPServer(serverAddress, RequestHandler)
server.serve_forever()此时的 状态为 404了
参考：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/21323273?utm_source=qq&utm_medium=social