Artificial Intelligence PKU Mooc 01

What is Artificial Intelligence

1. the intelligence exhibited by machines or software
2. the name of the academic field of research
   how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligence behavior.

The Birth of AI

• The 1956 conference of “Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence” was the moment that AI gained its name, mission and major players, and is widely considered the birth of AI.

Turing Test、Visual Turing Test、Chinese Room:

• Turing Test

A computer passes the test if a human interrogator, after posing some written questions, can not tell whether the written responses come from a person or from a computer.*

• Visual Turing Test

An operator-assisted device that produces a stochastic sequence of binary questions from a given test image.

• Chinese Room
  It attempts to show that computer can never be properly described as having a “mind” or “understanding”, regardless of how intelligently it maybe have.

He imagines himself alone in a room following a computer program for responding to Chinese characters slipped under the door. He understands nothing of Chinese, and yet, by following the program for manipulating symbols and numerals just as a computer does, he produces appropriate strings of Chinese characters that fool those outside into thinking there is a Chinese speaker in the room.
The narrow conclusion is that programming a digital computer may make it appear to understand language but does not produce real understanding.

什么是人工智能：

1. 机器或软件所展现的智能
2. 学术研究领域的名称
   如何创建计算机和计算机软件使之具有智能行为。

AI的诞生：

• 1956年的“达特茅斯夏季人工智能研究计划”会议，是AI赢得其名称、使命和主要参与者的时刻，因此被广泛地认为是AI的诞生。

图灵测试、视觉图灵测试、中文屋

• 图灵测试

如果一个人类的提问官，在提出一些书面问题之后，无法分辨这些书面回答究竟是来自于人还是一台计算机，则认为计算机通过了该测试。

是采用一个操作员辅助设备、根据给定的图像产生随机的二元问题序列