Oracle Dataguard搭建-单机到单机
1. 目的
详细描述如何搭建单节点到单节点的Oracle Data Guard结构，下文简称为DG。
2.环境规划
环境规划，参考下面的表格。
| 主库 | 备库 | |
|---|---|---|
| 机器名 | dgdb1 | dgdb2 |
| IP地址 | 10.128.20.125 | 10.128.20.126 |
| 操作系统版本 | Oracle Linux 6.5 | Oracle Linux 6.5 |
| 数据库版本 | 11.2.0.4 | 11.2.0.4 |
| 数据库名 | dgdb | dgdb |
| 数据库实例名 | dgdb1 | dgdb2 |
3. 搭建环境
在服务器上安装操作系统。
根据环境规划设置服务器的主机名和IP地址。
在两台数据库服务器上面安装oracle软件，并在主机上创建数据库。
4. 搭建DG
4.1. 主库的配置
4.1.1. 启用Forced Logging
登录主库，执行下面的命令启用Forced Logging。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
数据库已更改。4.1.2. 创建standby日志组
查看现有的日志组
SQL> select GROUP#,MEMBER from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
------ --------------------------------------------------
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/redo01.log
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/redo02.log
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/redo03.log创建standby日志组要比联机日志组多一组。
SQL> alter database add standby logfile
group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/std_redo04.log') size 50m,
group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/std_redo05.log') size 50m,
group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/std_redo06.log') size 50m,
group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/std_redo07.log') size 50m;
数据库已更改。4.1.3. 启用归档模式
查看数据库是否为归档模式
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式 非存档模式
自动存档 禁用
存档终点 USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
最早的联机日志序列 52
当前日志序列 54现在数据库为非归档模式，需要将数据库更改为归档模式
关闭数据库
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期四 10月 9 06:33:01 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。将数据库启动到mount模式
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1375734824 bytes
Database Buffers 268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
数据库装载完毕。将数据库更改为归档模式
SQL> alter database archivelog;
数据库已更改。
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式 存档模式
自动存档 启用
存档终点 USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
最早的联机日志序列 51
下一个存档日志序列 53
当前日志序列 534.1.4. 配置oracle net
使用netca或netmgr创建listener.ora和tnsnames.ora.
修改listener.ora文件
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = DGDB1)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = DGDB)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dgdb1.dhc.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle修改tnsnames.ora
DGDB2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.128.20.126)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DGDB2)
)
)
DGDB1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.128.20.125)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DGDB1)
)
)4.1.5. 配置参数文件。
创建pfile
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
文件已创建。然后在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录中找到文件initDGDB.ora。
修改initDGDB.ora，加入或者修改以下内容。
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='DGDB1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(DGDB1,DGDB2)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DGDB1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=DGDB2 lgwr ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DGDB2'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
fal_server='DGDB2'
fal_client='DGDB1'
standby_file_management=auto修改参数文件之后，还要在两个机器上创建/arch目录来保存归档日志。
[root@dgdb1 ~]# mkdir /arch
[root@dgdb1 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /arch/
[root@dgdb1 ~]# chmod 775 /arch/关闭数据库
[oracle@dgdb1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期四 10月 9 06:37:26 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。创建spfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
文件已创建。启动数据库
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1375734824 bytes
Database Buffers 268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。4.2. 备库的配置
4.2.1. 配置oracle net
在备库上用netca或者netmgr创建listener.ora和tnsnames.ora。
修改listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = DGDB2)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = DGDB)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dgdb2.dhc.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle修改tnsnames.ora
DGDB2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.128.20.126)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DGDB2)
)
)
DGDB1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.128.20.125)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = DGDB1)
)
)将主库/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs目录中的pfile和密码文件复制到备库上。
[oracle@dgdb1 dbs]$ scp initDGDB.ora orapwDGDB 10.128.20.126:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs/
The authenticity of host '10.128.20.126 (10.128.20.126)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 0c:74:49:a9:2c:dd:ff:af:c9:1f:cb:6b:a6:44:4d:3b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.128.20.126' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
initDGDB.ora 100% 1386 1.4KB/s 00:00
orapwDGDB 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:004.2.2. 配置参数文件
修改pfile
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='DGDB2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(DGDB1,DGDB2)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=
'LOCATION=/arch
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DGDB2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=DGDB1 lgwr ASYNC
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DGDB1'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
fal_server='DGDB1'
fal_client='DGDB2'
standby_file_management=auto在备库上创建spfile
[oracle@dgdb2 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期四 10月 9 06:56:55 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
文件已创建。在备库上创建必需的目录
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/DGDB/adump启动备库到nomount
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1375734824 bytes
Database Buffers 268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes4.3. 使用RMAN生成物理备库
使用下面的命令，登录rman
rman target sys/oracle@DGDB1 auxiliary sys/oracle@DGDB2 nocatalog
恢复管理器: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期四 10月 9 07:44:07 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
已连接到目标数据库: DGDB (DBID=2206457594)
使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录
已连接到辅助数据库: DGDB (未装载)使用下面的命令，生成物理备库
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;生成的备库没有redo和standby日志文件，需要把主库的文件复制过去。
[oracle@dgdb1 DGDB]$ scp *.log 10.128.20.126:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DGDB/oracle@10.128.20.126's password:
redo01.log 100% 50MB 50.0MB/s 00:01
redo02.log 100% 50MB 25.0MB/s 00:02
redo03.log 100% 50MB 50.0MB/s 00:01
std_redo04.log 100% 50MB 50.0MB/s 00:01
std_redo05.log 100% 50MB 50.0MB/s 00:01
std_redo06.log 100% 50MB 50.0MB/s 00:01
std_redo07.log 100% 50MB 50.0MB/s 00:01重启一下备库
[oracle@dgdb2 DGDB]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on 星期四 10月 9 07:45:23 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式 存档模式
自动存档 启用
存档终点 /arch
最早的联机日志序列 0
下一个存档日志序列 0
当前日志序列 0
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。启动备库到mount
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2253784 bytes
Variable Size 1375734824 bytes
Database Buffers 268435456 bytes
Redo Buffers 7094272 bytes
数据库装载完毕。将备库切换到standby
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
数据库已更改。4.4. 验证DG是否搭建成功
在备库上验证存在的归档日志。
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, NEXT_TIME FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME
---------- -------------- --------------
101 12-10月-14 13-10月-14
102 13-10月-14 13-10月-14
103 13-10月-14 14-10月-14
104 14-10月-14 14-10月-14
105 14-10月-14 15-10月-14
106 15-10月-14 15-10月-14
107 15-10月-14 15-10月-14
108 15-10月-14 16-10月-14
109 16-10月-14 16-10月-14在主库切换下日志
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
系统已更改。
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式 存档模式
自动存档 启用
存档终点 /arch
最早的联机日志序列 109
下一个存档日志序列 111
当前日志序列 111在备库下看归档的状态
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式 存档模式
自动存档 启用
存档终点 /arch
最早的联机日志序列 109
下一个存档日志序列 0
当前日志序列 111查看主库传过来的归档是否被应用
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;
SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ---------
101 YES
102 YES
103 YES
104 YES
105 YES
106 YES
107 YES
108 YES
109 YES
110 IN-MEMORY到此DG的搭建已经完成。