实验目录：
1.RIP基本实验
2.水平分割
3.毒化逆转
4.被动接口--包含计时器的信息
5.允许接口接受或发送RIP信息
6.RIP优先级
7.设置接口接收或发送RIP 报文时给路由增加的附加路由权值（条数）
8.Time的三大计时器设置
9.不同进程号
10.触发跟新
11.RIP 的版本兼容问题
12.不连续子网
13.手工汇总
14.向rip内注入一跳默认路由
15.RIPv2认证
16.直连的网络不再同一网段
一.RIP基本配置
实验要求：各个路由器能动态学到路由
实验拓扑：
实验过程：
1.按照上面的拓扑配置ip地址
2.宣告网络
[R1]rip //进入RIP视图（默认计入的RIP进程1）
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0 //宣告网络
[R1-rip-1]net 1.1.1.0
[R1-rip-1]q
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[R2-rip-1]network 2.2.2.0
[R2-rip-1]network 3.3.3.0
[R2-rip-1]q
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[R3-rip-1]network 4.4.4.0
[R3-rip-1]q
3.RIP的几个查看命令
查看所有路由
[R1]display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 10 Routes : 10
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
查看RIP进程信息
[R1]display rip
Public VPN-instance name :
RIP process : 1 //进程号
RIP version : 1 //版本
Preference : 100 //优先级
Checkzero [高1] : Enabled
Default-cost : 0 //默认度量值，可以调整网络大小
Summary : Enabled //自动汇总开启
Hostroutes[高2] : Enabled
Maximum number of balanced paths : 6 //支持的负载分担条数
Update time : 30 sec(s) Timeout time : 180 sec(s)
Suppress time : 120 sec(s) Garbage-collect time : 120 sec(s)
TRIP retransmit time : 5 sec(s)
TRIP response packets retransmit count : 36
Silent interfaces : None //有没有被动接口
Default routes : Disabled //有没有默认路由
Verify-source : Enabled
Networks :
1.0.0.0 192.168.1.0
Configured peers : None
Triggered updates sent : 0
Number of routes changes : 0
Number of replies to queries : 0
查看RIP 协议的路由
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 4
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 4
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
查看路由的跟新时间等
[R1]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA[高3] 22
3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 22
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 22
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 22
查看RIP接口，包括度量值、水平分割是否开启
[R1]display rip 1 interface
Interface-name: LoopBack0
Address/Mask:1.1.1.1/32 Version:RIPv1
MetricIn:0 MetricIn route policy:Not designated
MetricOut:1 MetricOut route policy:Not designated
Split-horizon/Poison-reverse:on/off Input/Output:on/on [高4]
Current packets number/Maximum packets number:0/2000
Interface-name: Serial0/2/0
Address/Mask:192.168.1.1/24 Version:RIPv1
MetricIn:0 MetricIn route policy:Not designated
MetricOut:1 MetricOut route policy:Not designated
Split-horizon/Poison-reverse:on/off Input/Output:on/on
Current packets number/Maximum packets number:0/2000
从此命令可以看出，水平分割时开启的，而毒化逆转时关闭的。
二.水平分割
通常情况下，为了防止路由环的出现，水平分割都是必要的。只是在某些特殊情况
下，为保证协议的正确执行，需要关闭水平分割。例如在NBMA 网络中，对于采用
帧中继封装的主接口和点对多点子接口，为了使接口可以发送从该接口学到的路由，
则需要禁止水平分割。在关闭水平分割时一定要确认是否必要。
关闭水平分割的命令
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]un rip split-horizon
我们来测试一下水平分割的影响
开启了水平分割
% Current terminal monitor is on
% Current terminal debugging is on
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response[高5] from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255
*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 24
*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1
从上面我们可以看出，RIP包没有向自己宣告的网络发送跟新包！--这是水平分割起的作用！
关闭了水平分割
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 124
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 3
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.1.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84
*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1
从上面我们可以看出，在关闭水平分割后RIP包会想自己发送自己宣告的网络，从而产生了路由环路。
三.毒化逆转
在接口下面开启毒化逆转功能
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip poison-reverse
*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255
*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 104
*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 16
*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 16
*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 16
*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 16
*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84
*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1
*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2
*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1
从上面可以看出，R1会向自己学习到的路由发送为16条的RIP测试包。来测试下一跳是否已经不可达，当可达是对方会发送可达信息回应，如果对方不可达，会根据3大时间处理！！
四.被动接口
有被动接口我感觉肯定会有单播跟新，单播跟新的命令是在RIP下：#peer +ip地址
作用：不发送RIP包，但接受RIP跟新包
在RIP模式下设置被动接口
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]silent-interface s0/2/0
[R1-rip-1]q
[R2]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/2/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
1.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 180
Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 19
再120秒
[R2]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/2/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
1.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.1 16 0 RSG 120
Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 15
[R2]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 16
对r1没有影响=----因为被动接口是不发送RIP包，但是接受路由跟新包，但是ping不同
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 4
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 4
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
五.五.允许接口接受或发送RIP信息
rip input 命令用来允许接口接收RIP 报文（默认开启的）
rip output 命令用来允许接口向外发送RIP 报文（默认开启的）
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]undo rip input
[R1-Serial0/2/0]q
[R1]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 162
3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 162
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 162
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 162
从上面可以看出，路由已经超时！！！！
但是不影响R2和R3学习路由，虽然R2、R3学到了路由，但是ping不同R1！！
rip output 命令用来允许接口向外发送RIP 报文（默认开启的）
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]undo rip output
[R1-Serial0/2/0]
六.RIP优先级
每一种路由协议都有自己的优先级，它的缺省取值由具体的路由策略决定。优先级
的高低将最后决定IP 路由表中的路由采取哪种路由算法获取的最佳路由。可以利用
此命令手动调整RIP 的优先级。
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]preference ?
INTEGER<1-255> Value of Preference
route-policy Route-policy
[R1-rip-1]preference 50
[R1-rip-1]q
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 4
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 4
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 50 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 50 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 50 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 RIP 50 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
从上面可以看出，优先级已经是50了。
只供本设备进行路由选择，不影响其他设备的路由，R2上的依旧是100
七.配置RIP度量值
根据上面的图，进行实验
rip metricin 命令用来设置接口接收RIP 报文时给路由增加的附加路由权值，
[R2]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip metricin 5
[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 2
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 6 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 4
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 4
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 7 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
192.168.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
rip metricout 命令用来设置接口发送RIP 报文时给路由增加的附加路由权值
[R2]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]undo rip metricin
[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip metricout ?
INTEGER<1-16> The value of metric added to outgoing routes
route-policy Route-policy
[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip metricout 10
八.配置time三大时间设置
timers 命令用来修改RIP 的三个定时器Period update 、Timeout 和
Garbage-collection 的值
[R1-rip-1]timers ?
garbage-collect Config RIP route garbage-collect timer interval
suppress Config RIP route suppress timer interval
timeout Config RIP route Age timer interval
update Config RIP route period update timer interval
九.不同进程间通信
按照上图配置做不同进程之间的通信
注意：不同进程针对的是一个路由器上出现两个不同的进程，如果每台交换机的进程不一样是可以相互学习到路由的。
引入rip路由和引入直连路由是有很大区别的。
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]un net 192.168.2.0
[R2-rip-1]un net 3.3.3.0
[R2-rip-1]q
[R2]rip 2
[R2-rip-2]net 192.168.2.0
[R2-rip-2]net 3.3.3.0
[R2-rip-2]q
[R3]undo rip 1
Warning : Undo RIP process? [Y/N]:y
[R3]rip 2
[R3-rip-2]
[R3-rip-2]net 192.168.2.0
[R3-rip-2]net 4.4.4.0
[R3-rip-2]q
当我们查看路由表的时候是可以看出。不同进程之间是不能通信的！
R1学习不到进程2的所有路由
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 1
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
R2可以学习到两边的路由
[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 2
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
同样R3是不能学到进程1的所有路由的
[R3]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 1
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
解决方法：使用引入路由命令
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]import-route ?
bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routes
direct Direct routes
isis Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) routes
ospf Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routes
rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routes
static Static routes
[R2-rip-1]import-route rip 2 ?
cost Metric for imported route
route-policy Apply the specified route policy to filter route
tag Specify route tag
[R2-rip-1]import-route rip 2
[R2-rip-1]q
[R2]rip 2
[R2-rip-2]import-route rip 1
[R2-rip-2]
十.触发跟新
只在R1和R2之间开启触发跟新
进入接口模式，开启触发跟新
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip triggered
[R2]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip triggered
注意：直连的两个端口必须都要开启触发跟新，如果R1开启触发跟新，R2不开启，R2不会定期收到R1的数据包，所以相互之间是学习不到路由的！！
[R1]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0 (TRIP)
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 TP _
3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 TP _
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 TP _
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 TP _
从上面可以看出，模式已近是触发跟新模式，跟新时间为无！
[R2]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 19
Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/2/0 (TRIP)
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
1.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.1 1 0 TP _
十一.RIP 的版本兼容问题
修改R1的RIP为版本2
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]ver 2
[R1-rip-1]q
[R1]display rip 1 route
Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP
P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0
Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec
2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 131
3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 131
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 131
4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 131
对于上面的路由，已经是超时的了！
|
怎样能让R1学习到R2的路由呢？？？请看下面
1.把R1的接口模式改为广播方式
2.把R2上的s0/2/0改为主播方式的
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip version 2 ?
broadcast RIPv2 broadcast mode which is compatible with RIPv1
multicast RIPv2 multicast mode
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip version 2 multicast
十二.不连续子网
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]un summary
[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0
[R1-rip-1]net 172.16.1.0
[R1-rip-1]net 172.16.2.0
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]un s
[R2-rip-1]un summary
[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0
[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]un su
[R3-rip-1]un summary
[R3-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0
[R2]display ip routing-table p r
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 1
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
172.16.0.0/16 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
我们可以看到，上面的路由信息是很粗略的，此时ping两边的任意一个都是一个通一个不通！！
解决方法是：使用RIPv2
在学习Cisco时，是有子接口的，在华3也有，不过比较特殊，因为在华3的loopback口的所有地址都是32位的，看不到辅助接口的效果，如果用网段去验证是可以实现用辅助地址解决不连续子网问题。不过在同一路由器上宣告相同的主网。
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]ver 2
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]ver 2
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]ver 2
[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 5
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 4
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
172.16.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
172.16.2.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
172.16.5.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2
172.16.6.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 1
上面的输出已经解决了不连续子网问题
十三.手工汇总
实现手工汇总
上面的实验十二，我们该成了ver2
当该成ver2后，原有的不un sunmmary生效。
要重新开启一遍
注意：手工汇总对loopback口是不行的，因为所有的loopback口都是32个掩码，不能汇总，针对网段可以实现自动汇总。
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 22
注意，即使在R2上显示的是172.16.0.0，仍然不影响实验十二的效果！！
十四.向rip内注入一跳默认路由
[H3C]sys R1
[R1]int lo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-Serial0/2/0]q
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]ver 2
[R1-rip-1]undo summary
[R1-rip-1]net 1.0.0.0
[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0
[R1-rip-1]q
[H3C]sys R2
[R2]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 24
[R2-Serial0/2/0]q
[R2]int s0/2/2
[R2-Serial0/2/2]ip add 192.168.2.1 24
[R2-Serial0/2/2]q
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]ver 2
[R2-rip-1]undo summary
[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0
[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0
[R2-rip-1]q
[H3C]sys R3
[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
[R3-LoopBack0]q
[R3]int s0/2/0
[R3-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.2.2 24
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0
[R3-rip-1]net 4.0.0.0
[R3-rip-1]ver 2
[R3-rip-1]undo summary
[R3-rip-1]q
此时我们在R3上设置lo1口的ip地址。然后再R3上注入一跳默认路由
[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 10.10.10.10 32
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]default-route originate cost 10 //为什么非要设置cost值呢？？本实验最后讲解
从R1上查看
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 2
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 RIP 100 11 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
R1的默认路由cost值为11
R1能ping通10.10.10.10
[R1]ping 10.10.10.10
PING 10.10.10.10: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=4 ms
Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms
Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=4 ms
Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=19 ms
Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=5 ms
--- 10.10.10.10 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/6/19 ms
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十五.RIPv2认证
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]ver 2
[R1-rip-1]un summary
[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0
[R1-rip-1]net 1.1.1.0
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]ver 2
[R2-rip-1]un summary
[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip ?
authentication-mode Authentication type
input Receive RIP packets
metricin Metric added to incoming routes
metricout Metric added to outgoing routes
output Send RIP packets
poison-reverse Configure poison reverse
split-horizon Split-horizon control
summary-address Configure summary address on this interface
triggered Triggered RIP
version RIP version switch
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode ?
md5 MD5 authentication
simple Simple text authentication
[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode simple 123
[R2]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode simple 123
两边都要开启
[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode md5 ?
rfc2082 RFC 2082 MD5 authentication packet format type
rfc2453 RFC 2453 MD5 authentication packet format type
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十六.直连的网络不再同一网段
注意
上面的连线，必须是串行口，E口学习不到直连网络不同网段的路由！
IPv4在上图没有开启RIP之前是可以学习到不同网段的路由的！
IPV6在没有开启RIP前是不能学习到不同网段的路由的！
开启RIP实验如下：
[R1]int lo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]ver 2
[R1-rip-1]un s
[R1-rip-1]net 1.1.1.0
[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0
[R1-rip-1]q
[R2]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]
[R2-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.2.1 24
[R2-Serial0/2/0]q
[R2]int s0/2/2
[R2-Serial0/2/2]ip add 192.168.3.1 24
[R2-Serial0/2/2]q
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]ver 2
[R2-rip-1]un summary
[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0
[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.3.0
[R2-rip-1]q
[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
[R3-LoopBack0]int s0/2/0
[R3-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.4.1 24
[R3]rip
[R3-rip-1]net 192.168.4.0
[R3-rip-1]ver 2
[R3-rip-1]un summary
[R3-rip-1]net 4.4.4.0
[R1]display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 8 Routes : 8
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
4.4.4.4/32 RIP 100 2 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0
192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
192.168.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
192.168.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip
Public Routing Table : RIP
Summary Count : 2
RIP Routing table Status : < Active>
Summary Count : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
4.4.4.4/32 RIP 100 2 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
192.168.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0
RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>
Summary Count : 0
在R1上我们是学习不到R3上的192.168.4.0网段，可以学习到4.4.4.0网段。
因为公司之间通信不需要知道路由直连ip地址！
十七.直连的网络不再同一网段IPv6
ipv6
[R1]int lo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ipv6 add 1::1/128
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]ipv6 add 2001::1/64
[R1-Serial0/2/0]q
[R2]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]ipv6 add 2002::1/64
[R2-Serial0/2/0]q
[R2]int s0/2/2
[R2-Serial0/2/2]ipv6 add 2003::1/64
[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ipv6 add 2::1/128
[R3]int s0/2/0
[R3-Serial0/2/0]ipv6 add 2004::1/64
学习不到直连的网络，
[R1]display ipv6 routing-table
Routing Table :
Destinations : 3 Routes : 3
Destination: ::1/128 Protocol : Direct
NextHop : ::1 Preference: 0
Interface : InLoop0 Cost : 0
Destination: 3001::1/128 Protocol : Direct
NextHop : ::1 Preference: 0
Interface : InLoop0 Cost : 0
Destination: FE80::/10 Protocol : Direct
NextHop : :: Preference: 0
Interface : NULL0 Cost : 0
开启rip看看
[R1]int lo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ripn
[R1-LoopBack0]ripng 1 enable
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]int s0/2/0
[R1-Serial0/2/0]ripng 1 enable
[R1-Serial0/2/0]q
[R2-ripng-1]int s0/2/0
[R2-Serial0/2/0]ripng 1 enable
[R2-Serial0/2/0]int s0/2/2
[R2-Serial0/2/2]ripng 1 enable
[R3]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ripng 1 enable
[R3-LoopBack0]q
[R3]int s0/2/0
[R3-Serial0/2/0]ripng 1 enable
[R3-Serial0/2/0]q
截图00，可以学习到所有的
RIP-1 缺省进行零域检查操作。
根据协议（RFC1058）规定，RIP-1 的报文中有些区域必须为零，称之为零域（zero
field）。可以使用checkzero 命令来启动和禁止对RIP-1 报文的查零操作。进行查
零操作时如果收到零域不为零的RIP-1 报文，则拒绝处理。
由于 RIP-2 的报文没有零域，所以此命令对RIP-2 没有作用。
缺省情况下，路由器接收主机路由。
在某些特殊情况下，RIP 会收到大量的同一网段的主机路由，这些路由对于选路没
有多少作用，却占用了大量的资源。这时可以使用undo host-route 来拒绝接受主
机路由。
RIP老化时间
在下面实验五中将详细介绍----5.允许接口接受或发送RIP信息。
RIP路由初始化时，发送两种报文，request和response！
Request是目的地址是广播地址！
Respons是回应request请求包，并在路由建立后维护路由表！！