Python爬虫之requests库(一)：发送请求、传递URL参数、定制headers

import requests

一、发送请求

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events') # GET请求
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'}) # POST请求
r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'}) # PUT请求
r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete') # DELETE请求
r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get') # HEAD请求
r = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get') # OPTIONS请求
type(r)

requests.models.Response

二、传递URL参数

URL传递参数的形式为：httpbin.org/get?key=val。但是手动的构造很麻烦，这是可以使用params参数来方便的构造带参数URL。

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print(r.url)

http://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2

同一个key可以有多个value

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}
r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
print(r.url)

http://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2&key2=value3

三、定制headers

只需要将一个dict传递给headers参数便可以定制headers

url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)