audio channels and channel_layout
转自：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_99cc8f0d0101udhk.html
通过av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels()和av_get_default_channel_layout()这些函数可以得到channels和channellayout的转换。
libavutil中的audioconvert.c定义channellayout和channels的相关map：
channel_layout_map[]
{ "mono", 1, AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO },
{ "stereo", 2, AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO },
{ "2.1", 3, AV_CH_LAYOUT_2POINT1 },
{ "3.0", 3, AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND },
{ "3.0(back)", 3, AV_CH_LAYOUT_2_1 },
{ "4.0", 4, AV_CH_LAYOUT_4POINT0 },
{ "quad", 4, AV_CH_LAYOUT_QUAD },
{ "quad(side)", 4, AV_CH_LAYOUT_2_2 },
{ "3.1", 4, AV_CH_LAYOUT_3POINT1 },
{ "5.0", 5, AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0_BACK },
{ "5.0(side)", 5, AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0 },
{ "4.1", 5, AV_CH_LAYOUT_4POINT1 },
{ "5.1", 6, AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1_BACK },
{ "5.1(side)", 6, AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1 },
{ "6.0", 6, AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT0 },
{ "6.0(front)", 6, AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT0_FRONT },
{ "hexagonal", 6, AV_CH_LAYOUT_HEXAGONAL },
{ "6.1", 7, AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1 },
{ "6.1", 7, AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1_BACK },
{ "6.1(front)", 7, AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1_FRONT },
{ "7.0", 7, AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT0 },
{ "7.0(front)", 7, AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT0_FRONT },
{ "7.1", 8, AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1 },
{ "7.1(wide)", 8, AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1_WIDE },
{ "octagonal", 8, AV_CH_LAYOUT_OCTAGONAL },
{ "downmix", 2, AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO_DOWNMIX, },