Mysql学习-Linux Mysql源码编译安装

1.两台数据库服务器的的selinux都要disable(永久关闭selinux,请修改/etc/selinux/config,将SELINUX改为disabled) 

# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

2.重启操作系统

# reboot

3.使用下面的命令查看是否安装有Mysql Server

# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64

如果是CentOS7，请使用以下命令

# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64

因为没有MySQL服务,因此没必要卸载。mysql-libs是MySQL的必要包

如果有的话可通过如下命令卸载掉，# rpm -e mysql //普通删除模式

4.修改防火墙，打开3306端口

# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables 增加如下行:
## MySQL
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

5.重启防火墙

# service iptables restart

6.新增Mysql用户组

# groupadd mysql

7.新增Mysql用户，并添加到Mysql用户组

# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

8. 新建 MySQL 执行文件目录 ( 后面会把编译好的 mysql 程序安装到这个目录 ) 

# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
(-p 参数的作用是:如果最终目录的父目录不存在也会一并创建)

9. 新建 MySQL 数据库数据文件目录

# mkdir -p /home/mysql/data
# mkdir -p /home/mysql/logs
# mkdir -p /home/mysql/temp
(注意:上面的 logs 及 temp 目录是为了以后将 MySQL 的数据文件与执行程序文件分离, 如果你打算设置到不同的路径,注意修改对应的执行命令和数据库初始化脚本。正式生产环 境,建议数据目录和日志目录都使用单独的分区来挂载,不同分区属于不同的磁盘或磁盘 组。)

10. 增加 PATH 环境变量搜索路径

# vi /etc/profile
##在 profile 文件末尾增加两行
# mysql env param 
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
export PATH

使 PATH 搜索路径立即生效 

# source /etc/profile

11. 安装编译 MySQL 需要的依赖包: ( mysql 从 5.5 版本开始,不再使用 ./configure 编译,而是使用 cmake 编译器,具体的 cmake 编译参数可以参考 mysql 官网文档 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/source-configuration-options.html ,安装基本依赖包,先用 yum 安装 cmake 、 automake 、 autoconf ,另 MySQL 5.5.x 需要最少安装的包有: bison,gcc 、 gcc-c++ 、 ncurses-devel ) 

# yum install make cmake gcc gcc-c++ bison bison-devel ncurses ncurses-devel autoconf automake

12. 进入 /usr/local/src 目录,上传 mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz 源代码到 /usr/local/src 目录 ,下载路径：http://download.csdn.net/detail/icoudsoft_saas/9473125

# cd /usr/local/src

13. 开始编译安装 mysql-5.6.26 

解压压缩包源码

# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz

进入解压缩源码目录 

# cd mysql-5.6.26

使用 cmake 源码安装 mysql (如果你打算安装到不同的路径,注意修改下面语句中 /usr/local/mysql 和 /home/mysql/data 路径!) 

# cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1\
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1

上面的这些复制完,回车,然后就开始 cmake 的过程,一般时间不会很长 

配置解释:

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql 设置安装目录 
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data 设置数据库存放目录 
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 设置 UNIX socket 目录 
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql 设置运行用户
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 设置默认字符集,默认 latin1 
-DEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 设置默认校对规则,默认 latin1_general_ci 
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 添加 InnoDB 引擎支持 
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 自动下载可选文件,比如自动下载谷歌的测试包 
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 设置服务器监听端口,默认 3306
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc 设置 my.cnf 所在目录,默认为安装目录)

执行过程中会出现:

CMake Error: Problem with tar_extract_all(): Invalid argument
CMake Error: Problem extracting tar: /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.26/source_downloads/gmock-1.6.0.zip

解决方法:

cd mysql目录下面会发现有一个source_downloads目录,需要解压unzip gmock-1.6.0.zip,然后再重新执行上述配置过程。当然你也可以去掉-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1这个选项,不编译谷歌的测试包也没有什么问题,但是之前的某些版本会出现无法编译的问题. 

14.cmake结束后开始编译源码,这一步时间会较长,请耐心等待 

# make

15. 安装编译好的程序

# make install
(注意:如果需要重装 mysql,在/usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.26 在执行下 make install 就可以了, 不需要再 cmake 和 make)

16. 清除安装临时文件 

# make clean

17. 修改 mysql 目录拥有者为 mysql 用户 

# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /home/mysql

18. 进入 mysql 执行程序的安装路径 

# cd /usr/local/mysql

19. 执行初始化配置脚本,创建系统自带的数据库和表(注意:路径 /home/mysql/data 需要换成你自定定义的数据库存放路径)

# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data

20. 初始化脚本在 /usr/local/mysql/ 下生成了配置文件 my.cnf ,需要更改该配置文件的所有者 

# ls -lah
# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf 

21. 注意

(1)Tips:在启动MySQL服务时,会按照一定次序搜索my.cnf,先在/etc目录下找,找不到则会搜索mysql程序目录下是否有my.cnf
(2)需要注意CentOS 6版操作系统的最小安装完成后,即使没有安装mysql,在/etc目录下也会存在一个my.cnf文件,建议将此文件更名为其他的名字,否则该文件会干扰源码安装的MySQL的正确配置,造成无法启动。修改/etc/my.cnf操作如下:
可以:mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
也可以:删除掉/etc/my.cnf这个文件:rm /etc/my.cnf 

如果你需要用于生产环境,不要急着做下面的 mysql 启动操作。建议把上一步骤中 mysql 初  始化生成的 /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf 删除,然后把你优化好的 mysql 配置文件 my.cnf 放到 /etc 下。(这是做 mysql 主从复制和 mysql 优化的经验!) 
( 我们这里使用 /etc/my.cnf ) 
22.编辑/etc/my.cnf:

# vi /etc/my.cnf

client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8 
collation-server = utf8_general_ci

skip-external-locking 
skip-name-resolve

user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/data
tmpdir = /home/mysql/temp
# server_id = .....
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 
log-error = /home/mysql/logs/mysql_error.log 
pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql.pid

open_files_limit = 10240

back_log = 600 
max_connections=500 
max_connect_errors = 6000 
wait_timeout=605800
#open_tables = 600 
#table_cache = 650 
#opened_tables = 630
max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 4M 
join_buffer_size = 4M 
thread_cache_size = 300

query_cache_type = 1 
query_cache_size = 256M 
query_cache_limit = 2M 
query_cache_min_res_unit = 16k

tmp_table_size = 256M 
max_heap_table_size = 256M

key_buffer_size = 256M 
read_buffer_size = 1M 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M 
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

lower_case_table_names=1

default-storage-engine = INNODB

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G 
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M 
innodb_log_file_size = 128M 
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

#####################
thread_concurrency = 32
long_query_time= 2
slow-query-log = on
slow-query-log-file = /home/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

[mysqld_safe] 
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log 
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

23. 复制服务启动脚本

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

24. 启动 MySQL 服务

# service mysql start

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

(初次启动会在/usr/local/mysql目录下生成mysql.sock文件) 
25.设置MySQL开机自动启动服务 

# chkconfig mysql on

设置MySQL数据库root用户的本地登录密码(初始用户没有密码) 

# mysqladmin -u root password '123'

26. 登录并修改 MySQL 用户 root 的密码

# mysql -uroot -p

mysql> show databases;  ##查看数据库

mysql> use mysql;

##修改 root 用户密码:
mysql> update user set Password = password('123') where User='root';

Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 5 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

允许 root 远程登录,设置远程登录密码

mysql> use mysql;
mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;

注意:真实生产环境,应用操作不要使用root用户。 

27. 运行安全设置脚本, 强烈建议生产服务器使用 (可选) 

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL 

SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current 

password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and 

you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, 

so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):----->此处输入 root 密码 

OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL 

root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n]n -----> 上已为 root 设置了密码,此处可输 n

... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone 

to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for 

them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a 

production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]Y ------> 删除匿名用户

... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This 

ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallowrootloginremotely?[Y/n]n-----> 一般不允许root远程登录,可添加普通用户, 然后设置允许远程登录
... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can 

access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed 

before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]Y -----> 删除 test 库及相应权限
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far 

will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]Y -----> 重新加载权限表使设置生效

... Success!
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
Cleaning up...

28. 重启服务器,检测 mysql 是否能开机自动启动 

# reboot